Susan Longfield Karr’s (Ph.D. University of Chicago, History) teaching and research focuses on state- and empire-state formation and the emergence of the so-called modern rule of law within communities (constitutions) and between them (international law) from the late medieval through the early modern period. Her work gives particular attention to the meaning and significance of legal vocabularies within cultural, political, and juridical frameworks that accompany the history and development of rights (customary, civic, and natural) in early modern Italy, Germany, France, and England. She is currently an Associate Professor at the University of Cincinnati.