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Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President George W. … outlets at the time for discussion of political issues. When American military action expanded in Vietnam in 1965, … prospects for conflict in the Middle East. This volatility was particularly evident when prospects for peace improved. …
Cartoon in Punch, 1906.

For Iraq, a Lesson from Africa

… to look in such an unlikely place. But it turns out that there's much to learn about how to handle the Iraqi quagmire … provide patronage and line the pockets of an elite. Nowhere was this noxious trend more pervasive than in what was then … the rest is where it gets hard. That is especially true when the people who would be free have spent their entire …
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center display.

America Needs New Words on Sept. 11

… To mark the first anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks, both … for the people shall not perish from the earth.” Lincoln was saying that the best way to honor the country’s brave … was addressing Congress and the nation on January 6, 1941, when Germany cast its shadow over Europe and Japan loomed …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
Gemini 4 astronaut Ed White in open space, 1965.

Human Spaceflight Began Fifty Years Ago This Month, But Not Much Has Happened Lately

… century ago on April 12, 1961, Russian Yuri Gagarin became the first person to reach outer space and orbit the Earth. … years later the Space Race ended in an American victory when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped onto the moon. … for human space flight.   Racing to the moon in the 1960s was possible for two reasons:  First, major military …
Lockheed u 2c aircraft Image from Public domain images website

Brandishing Nukes–A Self-Defeating Policy

The Pentagon has put out the word that the United States … “Ultimately some President might have to decide that it was his duty to strike the first blow against the USSR. You … also used nuclear threats as psychological weapons. When Communist China shelled Taiwan’s outposts on the

The Year of Africa

… Reframing the Year of Africa: Independence as a Process By Katherine … Everett The year 1960 is known as the “Year of Africa,” when 17 countries across the continent celebrated the joy, … and possibilities of independence. But liberation in Africa was more than this one moment in the global process of …
typewriter

The Legacy of a Lady

… A week before the historic election of 2008, a small group of historians and journalists was invited to the White House to chat and lunch with First … it means Americans might not have appreciated her when we had her.   Our new First Lady, Michelle Obama, is … Catherine Allgor …
Marchers for the Equal Rights Amount, holding banner that reads "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex"

The Equal Rights Amendment: Then and Now

… In March 2017 Nevada became the first state in 40 years to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment—a provision written to address discrimination on the basis of sex. Now, in an atmosphere of renewed national … was extended to 10 years. So the clock ticked until 1982, when the bill stalled at 35, after which point, some of the
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… On April 24, 2015, much of the world will commemorate the centennial of one of the most … thousand and 1.5 million Armenian people. The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities … writing on the Armenian Genocide, key questions of why and when the Ottoman authorities ordered the deportation and …
Ronald Reagan toasting at a State Dinner during his presidency.

Behind the Reagan Myths, a Mediocre Presidency

The period just after the death of a public figure like … the size of government. His role in ending the Cold War was less important than the Soviet Union’s collapse from … platitudes about “morning in America” on which it rested. When he began his run for the presidency in the late 1970s …
An Honored Medal: 1862-1896 Version of the Medal of Honor. Army Heritage Museum Collection.

Medal of Honor Upgrades Are Rare — And Should Be Rare

… him — as he did former secretary Robert Gates — to review the War on Terror's combat decoration recipients and upgrade … with only a medical bag and a field knife. He was shot in the leg, and an enemy grenade knocked him to the … out, tended the wounded, and set up a second perimeter. When another chopper arrived, Benavidez dragged the wounded …
Globe on a plate with knife and fork next to it

Diet for a Large Planet

… systems is causing problems both for human health and the health of our planet. Solutions from lab-grown food to … point? Join Professor Chris Otter as he takes us back over the last 200 years to explore how we developed our current … diet heavy in meat, wheat, and sugar. He’ll explore how the British played a significant role in making red meat, …
A dry ice bomb mid-explosion.

It’s Not How to Make a Bomb That’s the Problem, But Why

… Following the recent bombings in London, Britain’s home secretary, … printed texts or word of mouth. As long as 125 years ago, when neither desktop computers nor the Internet existed, men … injured more than seventy people. The bombers’ technology was not so different from today’s. A timed detonator, made …
The headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage in 1911.

The Nineteenth Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was … Propertied women continued to vote in New Jersey until 1807 when the state’s legislators limited voting to white, male … The Nineteenth Amendment …