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Undated photo of the Reichstag building in Berlin, Germany.

Democracy-Building Will Be Tougher This Time

… in the United Kingdom, for example. The Japanese military usurped the parliament’s role in the mid-1930s. Although … had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … with the United States. The German and Japanese examples prove only one thing — building democracies is not an …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… adversaries from pursuing a military build-up in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States." As … were forging a "uniquely benign imperium" (as columnist Charles Krauthammer now describes the United States). But out in … the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and …
The Taras Shevchenko monument in Borodyanka, Ukraine damaged by the Russian attack, April 2022.

Taras Shevchenko, Poet of Ukraine

… Born a serf in March 1814 on an estate just over 100 miles from Kyiv, Shevchenko demonstrated an early aptitude for … He painted Ukrainian national landscapes and historical sites in an album he titled Picturesque Ukraine . He also … was, but we should keep this as it is now.” Learn More: The Complete Kobzar: The Poetry of Taras Shevchenko. Translated …
One of the McMinnville UFO photographs. Skeptics have concluded that the UFO was a small model suspended by wires or string from the power lines visible at the top of the photo.

The Air Force Investigation into UFOs

… in echelon formation, darting about at incredible speed. Unsure of what he was seeing Arnold performed a rough … and found that they were moving at approximately 1,700 miles per hour. This was much faster than any human-made … investigating reports of UFOs. To this end it instituted a comprehensive study of UFOs.  This study, known as Project …
Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells Book cover.

Shakespeare For All Time

Review of Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
… testifies to this fascination. William Shakespeare has become more than a brilliant playwright from Stratford-upon-Avon: he has become the stuff of myth. Stanley Wells' Shakespeare For All … by stage audiences, not to be read. Thus, it is not surprising that Shakespeare left many decisions out of the …
Visitors stroll the first section of the High Line Park, over the 18th Street crossing. Frank Gehry's IAC building is in the background.

The High Line: It’s About the Real Estate

… spirit. Even in the mid-19th century, New York City was in competition with new garden suburbs that beckoned well-to-do … dwellers with natural landscaping, open space, and cheap commuter steamer and train service into the city.   … his hunting parks near London into elegant terrace houses surrounding a picturesque park. Regent's Park earned the …
The South Carolina State Capitol.

Trent Lott Should Be History

… Citizens, a Southern organization cobbled together by survivors of the White Citizens Councils, the John Birch … Council of Conservative Citizens for their "right principles" and "right philosophy."   His remarks at Thurmond's … Internet and Sunday morning television pundits buzzed with commentary about it. The Washington Post's David Broder said …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… and beliefs drastically shifted as he evolved from a penniless farmer on the social margins to the patriarch of a vast … of Young's evolution as a leader brings the full complexity of his character into focus.  Upon his ascension … As a leader, he could use mirth to build consensus and community, or he could dictate terms in absolutist manner to …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… Jan. 24 it will have to decide whether to accept the rules reform introduced by Senators Tom Udall, Tom Harkin, and … would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … "call the question" which meant ask for a vote on the measure before the Senate.   Partisan hostility abounded after …
President Barack Obama signed the ARRA into law on February 17, 2009. Vice President Joe Biden stood directly behind him.

A New New Deal Must Be For All

… Barack Obama's economic stimulus plan has provoked comparisons with Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. Like … economic downturn. Any fair spending plan must therefore ensure that women have equal access to the jobs that federal … By January 1934, only 300,000 out of four million jobless women — 12 percent — had found government jobs.   In …

Yearning to Breathe Free: The American Immigration Story

… across Central and South America known as coyotes were pressuring would-be migrants to rush the journey. They warned … they simply never made enough to do so. “Many Chinamen have come; few have returned. Why is this?” representatives of … Asian Americans were first banned from particular worksites, denied housing or services, and then prohibited from …
Rosie Castro with her sons, Joaquín, left, and Julián, April 23, 2006 (ZUMA Wire/San Antonio Express-News/Helen L. Montoya)

No Julian Castro without Mother Rosie Castro

… are full-fledged Americans. Bert Corona, a Los Angeles immigrant activist, spoke at the 1968 Democratic … woman has held that position.   But Julian Castro did not become mayor on his own. He attributes his rise to the Chicano … activists held their own reunion in El Paso, Texas, to commemorate the 1972 national convention held in that city …
Zimbabwe Flag against a blue sky

Colonial Land Injustices in Post-Independence Zimbabwe

… from British colonialism on April 18, 1980. The nation commemorates this political milestone annually, with the president attending the main … First Matebele War) of 1893. However, their efforts were futile due to the superiority of colonial weaponry coupled … Milestones …
photo of FDR.

Picking Up Where FDR Left Off

… As the economic crisis ripples through the world, some liberal commentators say that the only solution to it is a … postwar vision, his widow, Eleanor, worked hard to make sure that it was included in the UNÕs Universal Declaration …
The military cemetery for U.S. personnel killed during World War II in Nettuno, Italy.

A Day for Remembering — and Accepting Responsibility

… of the Iraq War have been borne in grossly unequal measure. Unlike World War II, this war doesn’t require even the … ago, on May 30, 1945, by Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., commander of the Allied Fifth Army in Italy. Truscott was … some 3,000 American lives, most of them under Truscott’s command. The dead were eventually buried in Nettuno’s sandy …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… bilateral trade, illegal immigration, and joint efforts to combat drug trafficking. Political reform in Mexico should … Party (PRI), Zedillo called for a series of measures to level the playing field. This promise of political … who promises a dramatic break from the past and wholesale political reform. The U.S. champions this leader as a …
soldiers in Vietnam

Memories of Vietnam in Memoriam

Review of Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War, by Viet Thanh Nguyen Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.
… who view the dead and choose to remember them. This is a complex work.  Equal parts philosophical treatise, … of memory” works to create narratives of the self which refute blame, cover misconduct, and glorify the dead.  At the … to his core principle of an ethical “just memory”. Nguyen sites first person shooter style videogames as allowing …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
… chapter two by the motivations and actions that led to the coming of the Ten Years' War. In chapter three, Lendon … Iliad as an example. The strife between Agamemnon and Achilles, where Agamemnon claimed higher timê than Achilles, led … two great antagonists in Greece, Athens and Sparta. Lendon surveys the military and diplomatic campaigns of the …
A U.S. Coast Guard boat approaches a sailboat with over 90 Haitian refugees in 1988. The refugees were later returned to Haiti.

Who is responsible for the Elian Gonzalez case?

… fair to most Americans. After all, Fidel Castro was a Communist dictator. The United States had to open its doors to refugees from communism, Americans thought, or it could not claim moral … automatic asylum. But the Clinton administration was unsure of what to do. Should all these thousands of Cubans get …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… David Abulafia’s The Boundless Sea  is not, strictly speaking, a history of oceans. As … are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … shaped human settlement, migration, political power, and commercial ventures. Abulafia divides his work into five …
American soldiers making rolling barbed wire entanglements during World War I.

War Can Take On a Life of Its Own

… of the Marne. Both sides then dug in along what would become the great Western Front, a series of trenches extending … in human history. No one in the emotional days surrounding the initial terrorist act that provoked World … occurred would be over quickly and would be relatively painless, antiseptic almost, with minimal collateral …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating … the abbeys of Westminster and Saint-Denis. The book chronicles the intertwined lives of two of their respective abbots, … of the Channel. His footnotes reveal just how rare such competence is among medieval historians, as the names of …
George W. Bush at the White House in 2003.

Can Bush out-Hoover Hoover?

… the fact that she thought he had “showed himself to be a complete idiot. “Why?” the perplexed reporter inquired. … Bush, like Hoover, is committed to a worldview he is sure is correct. To such a mind, facts do not matter. If the … “the vision thing.” The son’s problem is just the opposite. He has such a Vision that it blinds his vision. People …
Black Friday shoppers in the morning at Walmart store in Durham, North Carolina.

Is Retailing’s Death Star Vulnerable After All?

… to Christmas, head over to the local Wal-Mart. The company’s promise of “everyday low prices” is music to the … For better or worse, we’re living in a Wal-Mart World. The company now produces an astonishing 2.3 percent of the … is nearly universal. Recently the store has faced censure for paying its employees substandard wages and for …