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Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… United States is characterized by three great waves of newcomers. The first wave came primarily from Ireland, Germany, … movies typically depicted Italian, Irish, and Jewish soldiers fighting alongside their WASP comrades. The stated … decently. But, opinion polling revealed that most soldiers continued to harbor prejudice towards ethnic …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
Howard Dean in 2014.

How Dean Followed in Goldwater’s Steps

… Barry Goldwater of 1964. Dean should have taken the comparison seriously. Glaring parallels exist between the … election, few believed that Goldwater could successfully compete for, much less win, the Republican nomination, but … SECURITY, HIT CASTRO.” The steady amplification (and not uncommon distortion) of Goldwater’s policy positions, his …
Cover of Zoot Suit The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style by Kathy Peiss.

A Suit, or a Statement?

Review of Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style, by Kathy Peiss (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011)
… songwriters and animators utilized the suit to make commentary on American life during a time of war. Chapter … and Harlem. Understanding how a style which had once communicated a variety of meanings became tied to racial …
illustration of Prince George IV

Unspoken Anxiety or Vivid Metaphor?

Review of Itch, Clap, Pox: Venereal Disease in the Eighteenth-Century Imagination, by Noelle Gallagher (New Haven: Yale, 2019)
… (syphilis), artists explored social phenomena including commercialization, globalization, gender, race, and class. … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor, and were … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor. At the …
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Barry (DDG 52) launches a Tomahawk missile in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn on March 19, 2011.

What Can Air Power Achieve? From Rolling Thunder to Odyssey Dawn

… never quite sure what those air assaults should or could accomplish. Though he hoped that Hanoi would abandon its … to preserve a stable South Vietnam could not be accomplished by air strikes alone.   Though President Obama's … him.   Moreover, just as Rolling Thunder signaled a U.S. commitment to South Vietnam, so Odyssey Dawn will likely be …
A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … enabled extensive chemical analyses of fish bones. These studies reveal not only what fish species people were … limited written records do exist, such as in the case of medieval Europe, evidence from isotope analysis of bones adds …
Image of President Carter displayed in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.

Obama Can Learn from Jimmy Carter, Too

… to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter’s speech? Some … a collective goal.   In Iraq and Afghanistan, American soldiers a minority among their generation — are fighting two … service. Instead, he cut taxes and asked Americans to go shopping.   In 2009, our overstretched military desperately …
Former President Jimmy Carter

Putting Ex-Presidents Back to Work

… Baker as co-chair, Carter will lead a national bipartisan commission on election reform. His prestige and experience will insure that policy makers will consider the commission’s recommendations. Carter is not our only … as starvation in Africa or head up commissions on, say, the future of Social Security or health care reform. Former …
President George W. Bush meets with his cabinet after his re-election.

The Founders Never Imagined a Bush Administration

… insisted that there can be no limits to the power of the commander-in-chief in time of war. More recently the … has produced a devilish conundrum. President Bush has given Commander-in-Chief Bush unlimited wartime authority. But the … by acts of Congress. The Founding Fathers, who always come to mind when the Constitution is in danger, anticipated …
Cover of The Anatomy Murders by Lisa Rosner

The Anatomy Murders

Review of The Anatomy Murders, by Lisa Rosner (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009)
… the first few decades of the nineteenth century the dead bodies themselves became precious commodities because the dissection of human cadavers for … straight to an untapped and ever-replenishing source of bodies by killing unsuspecting victims which they quickly sold …
Image of Jimmy Carter during his ‘Malaise’ Speech.

Should Obama Deliver Another ‘Malaise’ Speech?

… to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter's speech? Some … a collective goal.   In Iraq and Afghanistan, American soldiers a minority among thheir generation — are fighting two … service. Instead, he cut taxes and asked Americans to go shopping.   In 2009, our overstretched military desperately …
Statue of Samuel J. Tilden in New York City.

Presidential Electoral Controversy Nothing New in Florida

… to resolve the issue in 1876 through a special Electoral Commission and a resulting complex set of commitments that came to be called the … in south Florida, it may be up to the courts to decide the future of the presidency. Regardless of the resolution of …
The United Nations headquarters in Geneva.

Will We Turn the U.N. Charter into a “Scrap of Paper”?

… war,” Germany’s chancellor, Theobold von Bethmann-Hollweg complained as the First World War began. The “scrap of … request authority to lead a coalition to rescue Kuwait, he complied with the Charter of the United Nations. He did so … nations declared (Feb. 18) in positive terms: “We are committed to the United Nations remaining at the center of …
October 23, 1983, a massive explosion ripped through the barracks of the battalion landing team (BLT) of the 24th Marine Amphibious Unit at the Beirut International Airport.

Middle East Remains Unstable 30 Years after Attacks on Peacekeepers in Lebanon

… to achieve stability in the Middle East in the face of complex, multi-faceted challenges. With atrocities now … as its main base after being expelled from Jordan. Welcomed by Lebanon’s Muslims, the Maronites objected to their … However, a subsequent massacre of Palestinians, largely non-combatants, by a Maronite militia led to the redeployment of …
Palestinians during the first intifada, 1987. (Photo by Peter Stepan)

The Long Shadow of the June 1967 War

… ceasefires in 1949 and 1956, they failed to resolve the complex underlying Arab-Israeli controversies over … that officials in the multi-layered U.S. government communicated a range of messages including some statements … the U.N. brokered a ceasefire on June 10—after six days of combat—the Israeli military occupied vast swaths of Arab …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … the Senate as Jefferson's vice president from 1801-1805 recommended dropping in an effort to simplify Senate rules. … his term.   Many of the founding fathers regretted the compromise that gave each state — regardless of size — two …
Judge John G. Roberts, Jr. during a meeting with Senator Patrick Leahy on August 29, 2005

Give Roberts Some Breathing Room

… he would most likely recuse himself. It must have been an uncomfortable moment for both Durbin and Roberts, Catholic to … weight to this concern is the fact that Roberts will become the fourth Catholic on this Court — the largest number …
Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… Because of its indeterminacy?  No. Its singular distinction comes from the fact that never before have both the popular … or its official Electoral College count. This disturbing outcome may also alert the nation's voters to the real flaws in … more than twenty. What does the math show? That our 31 smallest states get a 25-percent boost in their electoral …
Bruce Lee

The Original Street Fighting Man

Review of Striking Distance: Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America, by Charles Russo Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2016)
… arts. Beginning in 1954 at the age of thirteen Lee studied the Wing Chun style of kung fu in Hong Kong under legendary master Ip Man. From that point on, Lee studied a variety of martial arts styles, testing them out in … after Lee challenged anyone who doubted his word to come to his studio in Oakland. Russo makes his case by …
Image of a large turkey on a postcard from the early 1900s.

The First “First Thanksgiving”

… Thanksgiving.” For 136 years, Thanksgiving has been a day commemorated across America. It gives us a moment to recall … inhale the heady aromas of our new harvests; to relish the coming together, once again, of family and good friends; to … Indigenous Communities …
The Roosevelts: An Intimate History BluRay DVD Cover

9/24/2014: At the Movies: Catching Up With The Roosevelts

… we think about this political family, but it is a mostly comprehensive overview in Ken Burns’ trademark engaging … . This episode lays out the standard New Deal narrative as comprehensively as it can moving quickly through the … footage that makes clear the disability FDR had to overcome. As guarded about his disability as FDR was, it is …