当前委内瑞拉危机的历史根源

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John Polga-Hecimovich

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A map of Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela

A map of Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela with Venezuela's location on the globe highlighted.

Venezuelans Granted Permanent Residence in the U.S. from 1995 to 2016.

Venezuelans Granted Permanent Residence in U.S.

Venezuelans Granted Permanent Residence in the U.S. from 1995 to 2016.

Venezuela poverty ratio percentage from 2004 to 2012.

Venezuela Poverty Ratio

Venezuela poverty ratio percentage from 2004 to 2012.

The number of kidnappings in Venezuela from 1989 to 2011.

Kidnappings in Venezuela

The number of kidnappings in Venezuela from 1989 to 2011.

A map of Venezuelan parliamentary results in 2015.

Parliamentary Results

A map of Venezuelan parliamentary results in 2015. Red indicates a majority for the ruling PSUV Party and blue and yellow for opposition candidates.

Venezuelan inflation rates from 1980 to 2015.

Venezuelan Inflation

Venezuelan inflation rates from 1980 to 2015.

The murder rate in Venezuela from 1998 to 2016.

Venezuelan Murder Rate

The murder rate in Venezuela from 1998 to 2016 according to three different agencies.

A graph of Venezuela’s production (grey), consumption (black line), and exportation (green) of oil.

Venezuelan Oil Use

A graph of Venezuela’s production (grey), consumption (black line), and exportation (green) of oil from 1965 to 2015.

Venezuela’s Gross Domestic Product rose from 1990 to 2011.

Venezuela GDP

Venezuela’s Gross Domestic Product rose from 1990 to 2011, especially during Hugo Chávez’s presidency.

The percentage of Venezuelans in extreme poverty decreased since 2003.

Extreme Poverty Rate in Venezuela

The percentage of Venezuelans in extreme poverty decreased since 2003.

Freedom ratings in Venezuela from 1998 to 2013.

Freedom Ratings in Venezuela

Freedom ratings in Venezuela from 1998 to 2013.

A graph showing oil as a percentage of export earnings in Venezuela.

Oil as a Percentage of Export Earnings

A graph showing oil as a percentage of export earnings in Venezuela from 1998 to 2013 (graph created by the author).

Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in Venezuela from 1995 to 2015.

Corruption Perception Index

Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in Venezuela from 1995 to 2015. A higher number reflects higher probity and a lower number more corruption (graph created by the author).

Worldwide crude prices per barrel of oil varied substantially from 1970 to 2015 (graphy created by the author).

Worldwide Crude Prices

Worldwide crude prices per barrel of oil varied substantially from 1970 to 2015 (graphy created by the author).

Inflation in Venezuela from 1960 to 2015.

Inflation in Venezuela

Inflation in Venezuela from 1960 to 2015 (graph created by the author).

Venezuela’s GDP growth as a percentage from 1960 to 2015.

Venezuela GDP Growth

Venezuela’s GDP growth as a percentage from 1960 to 2015 (graph created by the author).

A 1972 petroleum map of Venezuela.

Petroleum Map

A 1972 petroleum map of Venezuela.

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Cite this Site

John Polga-Hecimovich , "当前委内瑞拉危机的历史根源" , Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective

April, 2017

https://origins.osu.edu/index.php/zh/read/roots-venezuelas-failing-state?language_content_entity=zh-hans.