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Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… huge bestsellers. We celebrate the Founders’ audacity and commitment, marvel at their battlefield heroics, literary … taxes for the rich and welfare provisions for the neediest, we have allowed our material inequalities to … that spirit — as well as to honor the Founders, those who died on 9-11, and in combat in Afghanistan and Iraq, and on …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary committees supported by the military. The Cultural … October 1976. The resolution acknowledged the period’s tragedies and called them mistakes, laying blame at the feet of … of the “masses” and the “people” as workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals, youth, and officials, they are a …
Atomic bomb damage on Hiroshima gas building.

Time to Confront the Ethics of Hiroshima

… indefensibility of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima is becoming a part of the national conservative creed." But times … In recent decades most American conservatives have become uncritical of America's use of atomic weapons and … and profoundly offensive to all Americans and Japanese who died in that war, and to those Americans who still possess …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and … The major divide remains the issue of Tibetan independence. Compromise is essential. China must openly embrace the Dalai … the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now that Deng has died, both sides now appear determined to find a solution. …
A view of the World Trade Center in New York City

Responding to Terror: No Good Choices

… and anger are settling into a cold rage against whoever committed the atrocity and those who may be sheltering the perpetrators’ accomplices and families. But what must now be done? This is … weapons. At what point should we retaliate? When a million die in Boston or Seattle from a nuclear blast? The same …

'The Energy of a Bright Tomorrow': The Rise of Nuclear Power in Japan

… by the specter of our nuclear past. And given Japan's complicated past with nuclear issues, it is especially … destructive capability. After first scaring his audience, he pivoted and offered a solution: the development … realize that it had infiltrated the food supply. The tragedies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were still fresh. But it was …
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin Book Cover

Byzantium for Dummies

Review of Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008)
The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson Book Cover.

Capturing a Moment

Review of The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining spoken dialogue with music, song, and dance. For … together a succession of musical numbers to entertain the audience. Narrative took a backseat to spectacle. Although … to Africa and adding in a dancing cow for good measure. Audiences didn’t seem to mind the tonal departure – Evangeline …
Aurangzeb in a pavilion with courtiers below.

Aurangzeb: Mughal Emperor

… thousands of non-Islamic monuments and temples, and committing genocide.  To some South Asian Muslims, he was an … that the war of succession broke out not after their father died, but when he simply fell ill and continued despite his … predecessors.  When forced to choose between political expediency and religious orthodoxy, politics generally won out. …
A plume of smoke rising from a neighborhood in Beirut following an Israeli strike in 2006.

Why Israel’s Campaign Will Likely Fail

… see Israel’s response to the capture of three of its soldiers as entirely justified. Why not, they ask, punish those … so today will ensure that Israelis and Lebanese continue to die in vain. Michael H. Creswell is in associate professor …
Thomas Sankara

Politics, Cinema, and Liberation in Burkina Faso

… Sankara led a coalition of radical military officers, communist activists, labor leaders, and militant students to … government’s rise and fall, demonstrating how it embodied the critical transition period in modern African … James E. Genova is Professor of History and Film Studies at The Ohio State University-Marion. He's the author of …
US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… Wilson bitterly called “a sullen and selfish isolation,” becoming an observer in the League but never a full member. As … and reformed Isolationist Arthur Vandenberg, the party committed to supporting a postwar cooperative peace … Roosevelt planned to open the conference himself, but he died shortly before it began on April 25, 1945. The 16th …
Soldiers in Kosovo

Kosovo: The Lessons of History?

… “If our bombs are so ‘smart,’ how come they’re always hitting refugees, hospitals and … but if we listen carefully, their voices convey a sense of compassion, coupled with disappointment. Often stereotyped … point may have contained some logical consistency, I was uncomfortable with the implications of an argument that could …
Fully lit Menorah

Chanukah Candles Shed Light on Mideast Conflict

… of foreign occupiers. I learned that today's Israeli soldiers, like the Maccabees, were fighting for Jewish … Surely they know that nothing brings people together like a common enemy. But in the United States, the "rally round the … habit of stifling doubts and supporting Israeli policies dies hard. We have been told, practically from birth, that …
Flag of United States Semiquincentennial

Happy 250th Birthday America!

… states, by thirty other countries, and by private companies. Some visitors recorded that they left simply … She went on to describe it as what we might today call an immersive historical experience: “the flesh and blood of … But the “flesh and blood of those past events” had been tidied up, even sanitized, on the High Street of 1926. The …