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Raising a Flag over the Reichstag by Yevgeny Khaldei (1945).

The Living Ghosts of the Second World War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… though it was the country launching an invasion, stood for the heroic Soviet Union during the “sacred” Great … and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  In justifying the … the intensity of Russia’s preoccupation with WWII and the way that the mythologies of the “Great Patriotic War” …
President George W. Bush

Propaganda: Necessary but Difficult

… at home to save fats, to plant victory gardens and to buy bonds. Radio messages carried word of the American … a former advertising executive, to market such values in a way designed to counter the attacks of opponents abroad. … about what kind of government might serve Afghanistan best, it is all the harder to convey just what democracy …
US propaganda leaflet used in Afghanistan, with bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri.

Fighting a Cold War Against Osama bin Laden

… not its intentions. He argued that America should always engage in “negotiation from strength.” So by the time … today as American leaders assess Osama bin Laden’s latest communication. Bin Laden’s audio-taped message offered both … the Soviets. Osama bin Laden’s record tells us that it is best to heed his warnings and to do the same.  Derek Catsam …
Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD, by Brown, Peter Book Cover.

What to Do About the Money?

Review of Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD, by Brown, Peter (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… of around fifty to seventy-five years. Brown moves back and forth between chapters that give background context and … fellow citizens, rather than the poor (62-8). The takeaway here is that the giving of wealth during this period … Augustine, Brown emphasizes the importance of patronage and community in the famous bishop's career and suggests that …
A Marine Corps M1 Abrams tank patrols a Baghdad street after its fall in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Who Will Pay for Iraq and When?

… has often provided the impetus for new and more efficient ways of taxing citizens. Lotteries, an essential source of income for 42 states today, helped pay for the Revolutionary … the Chinese government, are financing the war in Iraq by buying Treasury bonds. Foreign investors are not buying …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… at which his public image began to turn decisively away from “divisive black nationalist” and toward “broadly … fighting style differed significantly as well. Ali at his best relied on quickness, footwork, and finesse, while … knocked out an exhausted Foreman with a series of powerful combination punches. George Foreman vs Muhammad Ali, October …
A 1940s photo of a church in Kansas.

Those Who Abuse the Past Are Bound to Misunderstand It

… use history to justify their views. The problem is a common propensity to mangle the past to suit current needs, … tell them something in the past that doesn't conform to the way they view the world? Ideally, when this happens they should follow the evidence and do their best to tell stories that reflect the past in all its …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… Vice President Dick Cheney is featured in a new bestseller, and he isn’t very happy about it. He is front … conceived.” Under Cheney, the vice presidency has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not … a new level of power and influence. In his own unobtrusive way, Cheney has expanded the vice presidency into a vital …

Socialism Takes Over France, Again?

… welfare system—policies that the Left has ostensibly always stood for. And this at a time, these same conservatives … social security system that remains the envy of most visitors—and the pride of most French citizens. It … primary education. A fledgling socialist movement did its best to agitate for social protection for workers, but it …

Protestant Preaching after the Age of Graham

… the moment in which they live. Graham preaching in Oslo, Norway in 1955 ( left ), in Glasgow, Scotland in the 1950s ( … influenced preaching in the decades since. Three important components of Graham’s outreach in particular were … was, nonetheless, praised by Timeas one of the nation’s best preachers and four years later was included in its list …
November 2004. Cleveland voting station for 2004 Presidential election.

The Unpredictability of an Unhappy Electorate

… all alike, every unhappy electorate is unhappy in its own way. The last time American voters had a chance to exercise … of the charges against them, but it would be foolhardy for them to assert that voter discontentment came down to … hand, would be wise not to take the recent election outcome as a clear mandate that Americans support an aggressive …
Rendering of the new National World War I Memorial in Washington DC

It’s Time for a National World War I Memorial

… the country, and many will be in Washington, D.C., to visit the national memorials dedicated to the wars in which … nearly 117,000 perished during the war — 53, 402 in combat — and another 204,000 were wounded. Many believe that … aftermath, Americans memorialized the war in two major ways: the creation of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … act of union-busting critically weakened the one entity best equipped to combat growing income inequality in the … such a long historical shadow over organized labor. In some ways, the unions have yet to recover from the PATCO strike. …
The Olympic flag flies at half-staff during a memorial service to the slain Israeli athletes, September 6, 1972.

The Munich Olympic Massacre

… met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … wrestling judge Yossef Gutfreund’s efforts to block the way, the terrorists pushed into 31 Connollystrasse. Tuvia … with terrorists and trusted West Germany would do their best to protect the hostages. Back in Munich, Issa, who …
A vision for the future of the US Space Command for 2020: a space-based high-energy laser destroys a terrestrial target.

Rumsfeld May Spark Space Weapons Debate

… U.S. military researchers were busy inventing new weapons for the next war. The new Secretary of Defense, Donald H. … war in space.” The wizards of military technology have always flourished in times of relative tranquillity. From 1871 … which plan to test the next generation of bombs on computers rather than under the ground. But who’s paying …
Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… Mediterranean, from east to west and back again. Along the way we meet emperors, generals, bishops, monks, pagan … sphere of influence. In this context Flavius Dionysius, commander of Rome's eastern military forces and a native of … tumultuous world of fifth-century Gaul. This is one of the best chapters of the book because he frames his discussion …

Feast and Famine: The Global Food Crisis

… countries experienced food riots. "Hunger seasons" have become the norm in many parts of the global south, and women … dimensions. It is perhaps the starkest, most basic way in which global inequality is manifest. It has many … the designer of the Duke of Wellington's coffin. In his best-selling "Letter on Corpulence" (1863), Banting …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… to honor a German naturalist who made exactly one brief visit to the United States early in the nineteenth century, but whose adventures and accomplishments were so much admired they made him an … dies on p. 105 of this book, roughly a third of the way through. From there, Sachs explores the careers of four …
The London meeting to discuss NATO military intervention in Libya, March 29, 2011.

Secretary Clinton — Leader or Figurehead?

… Several bomb blasts accompanied Hillary Clinton’s recent trip to Pakistan. This was a wake-up call in more ways than one. The moment had come for Clinton to act more boldly as the nation’s top diplomat. Historically our best secretaries of state have been those who think …
Election Day in Philadelphia 1815 by John Lewis Krimmel, picturing the site of Independence Hall and demonstrating the importance of elections as public occasions.

How We Learned to Love the Constitution

… political culture: a strong suspicion of government, an accompanying spirit of liberal capitalism, a sweeping ideology of democracy (if only, at first, for white males), continental nationalism and an emphasis … emphasize that February 17, 1801, marked the triumph of new ways — Jeffersonian ways — of seeing ourselves and the …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players in national politics. The fallout … the wrath of his neo-Confederate supporters. Such ghostly visitations are hardly new in a region whose history is … continue, but seen in new perspectives. And in a very real way, these will remind us that the past hardly ever intrudes …