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tanks and soldier fighting in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The World’s Longest War

… intractable one. The current struggle between Israel and Hezbollah is the sixth episode in a 58-year-long war between Israel and its Arab neighbors that commenced in 1948 when the state … and the Middle East continued on many battlefields: North Africa, Spain, France, Palestine, the Balkans, Asia Minor. …
The Warren Court (1953–1969).

Blending Empathy and Justice

… when he identified “that quality of empathy, of understanding and identifying with people’s hopes and struggles, as an … implicitly elsewhere, violated the constitutional rights of African Americans. Warren concluded that when a political …
John Trumbull's portrait of Alexander Hamilton.

This Won’t Be the Last Political Sex Scandal

… Another political sex scandal is in the news. It’s hard to keep up with the growing … derailed 1987 presidential bid seems like ancient history. And now New York’s governor, Eliot Spitzer, had to resign … gay sex; a racist politician carrying on an affair with an African-American woman; or, in the case of Spitzer, an …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… today are higher than they were at any point between 1946 and 1992. And those budgets don't include the costs of the Iraq and … spending produced a new "gunbelt" in sections of the south and west. If, as Koistinen observes, all this military …
The Great Wall of China: Perhaps the greatest collection of walls in human history.

Top Ten Origins: History's Great Walls, Good Neighbors or Bad Policy?

… In the midst of a migration crisis in Europe and strident talk by some American politicians about Mexican … two-and-a-half-mile-wide buffer zone between North and South Korea. The DMZ was constructed along the 38th Parallel … have agreed to allow families divided between Northern and Southern halves of the border to reunite in a rare effort at …
The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

With God on Our Side

… Bush seems confident that God’s truth marches with him and his nation. During the Civil War, by contrast, Abraham … might be a “difference of purpose between the Almighty and them.” To deny this truth was to deny that there was a … its bloody end, he observed that both sides, North and South, “read the same Bible and pray to the same God; and
President Bush makes remarks in 2006 during a press conference in the Rose Garden about Iran's nuclear ambitions and discusses North Korea's nuclear test.

After 50 Years, a Great Military Debate Resumes

… the United States to use its troops more unilaterally, and he wants them used primarily for fighting. Vice … Gore is more inclined to act cooperatively with allies and to use troops for peacekeeping. This difference revives … Europe and assume the right to unilateral action in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Now that the Cold War is gone, …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… off as nothing more than a return to the original understanding of the amendment. Yet this revisionist interpretation has nothing to do with the original understanding of the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment adopted … that the Patriots lost the American Revolution, or the South won the Civil War. For better or worse, the real …
Veterans Day Poster 1980.

Keeping Veterans Day Alive

… across the nation this year. New York, Pennsylvania and California city officials cut back on observances of the holiday, citing waning interest and declining participation.   Veterans Day is in fact a … Vietnam. He voluntarily came out of retirement to serve in Southeast Asia. He posthumously earned the last Silver Star …
Ukrainian soldier with blue and yellow ribbon overlay

Understanding the War in Ukraine: Insights from the Recent Past, 1991—Present

… David Hoffmann examines some key moments in recent Russian and Ukrainian history, with particular attention to the … the North Caucasus, as you can see on the map, far to the south of Moscow. It's a region inhabited by Chechens, a … Russia invaded Georgia. It drove Georgian troops out of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, two separatist regions within …
A Uyghur hunter in Kashgar, 2005.

Xinjiang: From Autonomy to Dystopia

… of camps — massive structures surrounded by watch towers and barbed wire — sprang up to swallow a significant … it also brought under its control the predominantly Muslim southern region.  The Zunghars were competitors of the Qing … protest the killings of Uyghur migrant workers in a town in south China by a Han mob and to seek justice for the …
John D. Rockefeller in 1914.

Bill Gates — Another Rockefeller or Another Ford?

… Penfield Jackson has ordered Microsoft broken in two, and the appeal has gone to the Supreme Court. Why is … Because for two centuries Americans have hated political and economic bullies. "Free competition" has always been our … and donated huge sums to churches, universities and rural African-American schools. His PR campaign failed as …
Cover of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC by David W. Anthony and  Jennifer Y. Chi.

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

Review of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC, by David W. Anthony and Jennifer Y. Chi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. pp. 254)
… York University. The exhibit ran through April 25, 2010, and the objects on display are appearing in the United … ). It is a collaborative project between the Institute and over 20 museums in Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova, the … three, "Houses, Households, Villages and Proto-Cities in Southeastern Europe" by John Chapman, presents an overview …
Barry Faulkner's mural, "The Constitution," depicts the framers of the U.S. Constitution.

Term Limits: Thank Goodness We Didn’t Have Them in 1787

… Once again Congress has debated and, at least for the moment, defeated a proposed … would indeed have seemed odd to the nation’s founders and to the great congressional leaders of the nineteenth … — Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri — stayed in …

The Politics of International Adoption

… Nor is it any easier if we break it down: thirty thousand children each day; more than one thousand every hour. … 22% of all foreign-born adopted children have come from South Korea, and 28% of those under six have come from China … of Black Social Workers condemned the placement of African-American children with white parents, whether for …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… When the Roman Catholic Patriarch of the Holy Land Michel Sabbah celebrates mass in the Church of the … in Bethlehem this Christmas Eve, events in the town and region will have changed dramatically from where they … via Israel’s Mediterranean ports, freeing up Israel’s southern port of Elat for expansion of tourist hotels. …
Saxonburg Memorial Church.

Does the First Amendment Separate Church and State?

… Delaware Senatorial candidate Christine O'Donnell's recent comment–wondering whether “separation of church and state” is “in the First Amendment”–raises a serious … combination of state legislation and local option. In the South establishment meant supporting the Church of England
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… against terrorists, it also is setting up an Office of Homeland Security. Questions are being raised about how that … the nation. In their past wartime experiences with “homeland defense,” Americans ended up damaging their democratic … arrested and jailed. Pacifist clergy members were jailed. African Americans were targeted unfairly. This domestic …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… Bush is mindful of growing difficulties with public opinion and an ailing economy, problems that could soon make war … unworkable.  A crescendo of protests against war and disturbing news about a flagging economy are undermining … consequences of large-scale military involvement in Southeast Asia took time to build. Problems with inflation …
A photo of Al Gore I\in Manchester, New Hampshire, campaigning for President of the United States in 1999

The Case of the Disappearing Vice President

… (No. 63) warned that “the people” were dangerously unstable and easily duped. They were likely to make bad choices when … best remedy would be “the interference of some temperate and respectable body of citizens,” the disinterested few who … clearly the loser, became the winner when he promised Southern Democrats he would to jettison the gains blacks had …
Pledge of Allegiance plaque

When Congress Tampers with the Court’s Independence

… the phrase "under God" violated the separation of church and state and interfered with a father's control of his child's … program for protecting newly freed slaves and readmitting Southern states to be unconstitutional. The editor argued …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… Court this week, senators should consider her legal ability and constitutional vision, but also her capacity to be an … judges invariably have had close association with wealthy and powerful people. Those relationships dispose them to … of the Equal Protection Clause because it created in African-American children a “feeling of inferiority as to …
1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

… of Sept. 11, 2001. Annin & Co., the nation’s largest and oldest flag-maker, reports that sales are still 25 … percent above normal as Americans continue to fly the Stars and Stripes from their front porches and cars. Grandiose … by smaller, underdeveloped nations in the Caribbean and South America. There, the United States impeded nationalist …