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President Bush makes remarks in 2006 during a press conference in the Rose Garden about Iran's nuclear ambitions and discusses North Korea's nuclear test.

After 50 Years, a Great Military Debate Resumes

… the United States to use its troops more unilaterally, and he wants them used primarily for fighting. Vice … Gore is more inclined to act cooperatively with allies and to use troops for peacekeeping. This difference revives … Europe and assume the right to unilateral action in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Now that the Cold War is gone, …
Veterans Day Poster 1980.

Keeping Veterans Day Alive

… across the nation this year. New York, Pennsylvania and California city officials cut back on observances of the holiday, citing waning interest and declining participation.   Veterans Day is in fact a … Vietnam. He voluntarily came out of retirement to serve in Southeast Asia. He posthumously earned the last Silver Star …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… off as nothing more than a return to the original understanding of the amendment. Yet this revisionist interpretation has nothing to do with the original understanding of the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment adopted … that the Patriots lost the American Revolution, or the South won the Civil War. For better or worse, the real …
Ukrainian soldier with blue and yellow ribbon overlay

Understanding the War in Ukraine: Insights from the Recent Past, 1991—Present

… David Hoffmann examines some key moments in recent Russian and Ukrainian history, with particular attention to the … the North Caucasus, as you can see on the map, far to the south of Moscow. It's a region inhabited by Chechens, a … Russia invaded Georgia. It drove Georgian troops out of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, two separatist regions within …
A Uyghur hunter in Kashgar, 2005.

Xinjiang: From Autonomy to Dystopia

… of camps — massive structures surrounded by watch towers and barbed wire — sprang up to swallow a significant … it also brought under its control the predominantly Muslim southern region.  The Zunghars were competitors of the Qing … protest the killings of Uyghur migrant workers in a town in south China by a Han mob and to seek justice for the …
John D. Rockefeller in 1914.

Bill Gates — Another Rockefeller or Another Ford?

… Penfield Jackson has ordered Microsoft broken in two, and the appeal has gone to the Supreme Court. Why is … Because for two centuries Americans have hated political and economic bullies. "Free competition" has always been our … and donated huge sums to churches, universities and rural African-American schools. His PR campaign failed as …
Barry Faulkner's mural, "The Constitution," depicts the framers of the U.S. Constitution.

Term Limits: Thank Goodness We Didn’t Have Them in 1787

… Once again Congress has debated and, at least for the moment, defeated a proposed … would indeed have seemed odd to the nation’s founders and to the great congressional leaders of the nineteenth … — Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri — stayed in …
Cover of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC by David W. Anthony and  Jennifer Y. Chi.

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

Review of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC, by David W. Anthony and Jennifer Y. Chi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. pp. 254)
… York University. The exhibit ran through April 25, 2010, and the objects on display are appearing in the United … ). It is a collaborative project between the Institute and over 20 museums in Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova, the … three, "Houses, Households, Villages and Proto-Cities in Southeastern Europe" by John Chapman, presents an overview …

The Politics of International Adoption

… Nor is it any easier if we break it down: thirty thousand children each day; more than one thousand every hour. … 22% of all foreign-born adopted children have come from South Korea, and 28% of those under six have come from China … of Black Social Workers condemned the placement of African-American children with white parents, whether for …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… When the Roman Catholic Patriarch of the Holy Land Michel Sabbah celebrates mass in the Church of the … in Bethlehem this Christmas Eve, events in the town and region will have changed dramatically from where they … via Israel’s Mediterranean ports, freeing up Israel’s southern port of Elat for expansion of tourist hotels. …
Saxonburg Memorial Church.

Does the First Amendment Separate Church and State?

… Delaware Senatorial candidate Christine O'Donnell's recent comment–wondering whether “separation of church and state” is “in the First Amendment”–raises a serious … combination of state legislation and local option. In the South establishment meant supporting the Church of England
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… against terrorists, it also is setting up an Office of Homeland Security. Questions are being raised about how that … the nation. In their past wartime experiences with “homeland defense,” Americans ended up damaging their democratic … arrested and jailed. Pacifist clergy members were jailed. African Americans were targeted unfairly. This domestic …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… Bush is mindful of growing difficulties with public opinion and an ailing economy, problems that could soon make war … unworkable.  A crescendo of protests against war and disturbing news about a flagging economy are undermining … consequences of large-scale military involvement in Southeast Asia took time to build. Problems with inflation …
A photo of Al Gore I\in Manchester, New Hampshire, campaigning for President of the United States in 1999

The Case of the Disappearing Vice President

… (No. 63) warned that “the people” were dangerously unstable and easily duped. They were likely to make bad choices when … best remedy would be “the interference of some temperate and respectable body of citizens,” the disinterested few who … clearly the loser, became the winner when he promised Southern Democrats he would to jettison the gains blacks had …
Pledge of Allegiance plaque

When Congress Tampers with the Court’s Independence

… the phrase "under God" violated the separation of church and state and interfered with a father's control of his child's … program for protecting newly freed slaves and readmitting Southern states to be unconstitutional. The editor argued …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… Court this week, senators should consider her legal ability and constitutional vision, but also her capacity to be an … judges invariably have had close association with wealthy and powerful people. Those relationships dispose them to … of the Equal Protection Clause because it created in African-American children a “feeling of inferiority as to …
1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

… of Sept. 11, 2001. Annin & Co., the nation’s largest and oldest flag-maker, reports that sales are still 25 … percent above normal as Americans continue to fly the Stars and Stripes from their front porches and cars. Grandiose … by smaller, underdeveloped nations in the Caribbean and South America. There, the United States impeded nationalist …
Top view of person serving themself a rice dish from a table of food

Food for Thought: Diet in History

… How and what we eat defines who we are. Food is both everywhere … several parts of the world, Australasia to a lesser extent South Africa, Argentina, certainly, even Denmark, and Canada. And
The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman Book Cover

The Jamestown Project

Review of The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007)
… new television documentaries, stage elaborate recreations, and release new books that reflect upon the current state of … of the settlement of Jamestown, the first of England's colonial projects in North America to survive … others around the world as the English sought to cut into African and Asian trades, and aided efforts to fight back …
Photo of "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Lessons for the Nader Camp: ‘Fighting Bob’ La Follette in 1924

… As campaign 2000 moves past the conventions, Ralph Nader, candidate of the Green Party, is again in the limelight. Some … reports predicted that La Follette would carry Wisconsin and possibly 12 northwestern states. Journalists forecast … the support of many well known and admired activists, from African-American leader W.E.B Du Bois to conservationist …

Dispatches from the Armenian Revolution

… In April and May 2018, the small nation of Armenia experienced a … August 17, one hundred days after the upheaval’s end, thousands of Armenians—young and old, workers and … of the Caucasus Mountains, Armenia is situated on the southwestern extremity of the former Soviet Union. Located …
A black and white photo of Barry Goldwater in 1962.

Rick Perry, Social Security, and the Ghost of Barry Goldwater

… away from his comments after his Republican opponents and the press jumped all over him. Perry now finds himself … a “Ponzi scheme” captured the media’s attention, hurt his standing in the polls, and provided an opening for his … 61 percent of the vote and every state except five Deep South states and Goldwater’s home state of Arizona. …
Royal Irish Rifles in foxhole at Battle of the Somme, 1916

Legacies of the Great War

… the centennial of the war, U.S. events have been few and far between. Why is the war remembered so differently in … wars, in fact, where they were fighting, you know, in Africa and East Asia and things like this. And the firepower … and see the ways in which these same issues took place. South Eastern Europe had similar wheeling than dealings. The …