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An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… Before taking up writing, Morton served as a lawyer for 30 years, and since 2006 has published several books and … had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for … (later BP), Royal Dutch-Shell, the Standard Oil off-shoots, etc. Throughout these sections, Morton shows oil …
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… now in control it passed the House of Representatives and will be voted on by the Senate this summer. What few people … Shepard in 1998 garnered national attention, too many other offenses go largely unreported in mainstream media. Some … hands in public, embracing at an airport, or from being comfortable in workplaces where heterosexual family photos …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… across the United States owned their reservation lands as a community: families could settle, plant their crops, and own … economic sufficiency, and cultural heritage. The act ordered the division of reservations into small parcels—160 … civilization.” Without the ethos of greed and competition against their fellow citizens, Native peoples would never, …
Rep Joe WIlson fan club with a poster that reads, "You lie!"

Brooks to Thurmond to Wilson

… that people be allowed to carry firearms: to prevent good Samaritans from intervening when your friend wants to … standard-bearer for South Carolina. Among his many accomplishments, Thurmond holds the record for conducting the … while the rest of the South Carolina delegation fought off the Secret Service. But why don’t we finally give South …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off their jobs with the Federal Aviation Administration. … legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … in 1999. Between 1947 and 1980, the United States averaged 300 major strikes annually. But since 1981 the average has …
The almshouse at Woburn, Bedfordshire, England

Top Ten Origins: Housing the Poor

… in Silicon Valley (where even people with six-figure incomes may qualify for housing subsidies) have attracted … Victorian Workhouse An 1834 cruciform design workhouse for 300 people The Industrial Revolution created a housing … Tiong Bahru intertwined residences with street-level shops. While the construction of Tiong Bahru marks a …
Hurricane Sandy Rockaway

Hurricane Sandy Should Inspire New Ways of Building and Living on the Seashore

… owners and land developers, and in the process have become increasingly vulnerable. They have become the hard edge … the place where nothing is supposed to happen, a place that offers retreat from the frenzied pace of our everyday lives. … past remains is to be found in maritime museums and antique shops.   This does not bode well for the post-Sandy eastern …
College Green, Ohio University, 1973.

Our Gilded Bronze Age of Higher Education

… and athletic facilities . Public favor for the some 3,300 degree-granting, non-profit colleges and universities in … universities to yield an annual, independent source of income. Endowment size has served as a proxy for academic … Third, in the 1990s, Yale’s Chief Investment Officer, David Swensen, developed a model of investing in …
The Prima Porta Statue shows a powerful and youthful Augustus making an address

Celebrating Roman Emperor Augustus

… forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. … had become the sole Roman ruler). Instead he made a show of officially giving all of his powers back to the people of … or why we actually like the man. Then we focus on how much good his power is doing—how grand the public works, how …
German and Indian troops as part of the international coalition to put down the Boxer Rebellion

History Shadows U.S.-China Relations

… required China’s rulers to pay an indemnity of more than $30 million (then an astronomical amount) as compensation to foreign powers for the damage caused by the … permission last April. Washington has countered with an offer of $30,000. For all the differences between the Boxer …
Photo of a healthcare worker holding an elderly person's hand.

Ducking Out on Retiree Benefits

… accept big cuts in their benefits, these corporations will be broken up. That’s the wrong response and the wrong … as a private realm of managerial prerogative, sealed off from public discussion and political challenges. Yet all … on a mix of public and private pensions. Like it or not, company pensions are part of public policy. This struggle …
Logo of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Time to End Deregulation

… the CEOs of transnational firms such as Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossings in our “deregulated” economy have … prices for speculative purposes.  The legislation of the 1930s, including the Banking Act of 1933, which established … economic growth, since private enterprise was inherently good and the public sector was inherently wasteful.  In …
President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton in the Oval Office in 2009.

Don’t Get Tough, Barack

… in, and they’ve reached a consensus: it is time to take off the gloves. ‘Time to get mean,’ as one Chicago columnist … don’t like unless you know from the outset that the result will be a win. Don’t want to embarrass yourself. Don’t want … about government. You were right to remind us of that. It’s good history, and it reflects a willingness to give credit …
A painting of the Rubicon scene from the mid-nineteenth century: Gustave Boulanger, Jules-César arrivé au Rubicon.

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

… Gaul, or today’s Emilia Romagna—the statesman and accomplished general Julius Caesar crossed the little Rubicon … River in possession of an army. This event in 49 BCE set off the Roman Civil War, which ended with Caesar’s … conquering Gaul, gaining prestige and money, and garnering goodwill from the Roman people. Pompey, on the other hand, …
The Prairie Dog is an anti-Jefferson satire, relating to Jefferson's covert negotiations for the purchase of West Florida from Spain in 1804.

Not American Enough? This Political Slur Has a Long History

… with President Obama's birth certificate, still not completely laid to rest, is an extreme version of a tactic … became president. One editorial warned that "the soil will be soaked with blood, and the nation black with … White House. A Chicago Tribune headline shouted, "MOSCOW ORDERS REDS IN U.S. TO BACK ROOSEVELT." Journalist H. L. …
Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.

Can Reparations Heal the Wounds of Slavery?

… elsewhere indicate that the slavery lawsuit could become an invaluable tool for bridging the racial divide in …   It's doubtful the suit will successfully raid the coffers of Aetna, FleetBoston Financial Corp. or CSX Corp., … tones, that the reparations would be for the larger social good as opposed to individual benefit? Because that's the …
 How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore Book Cover.

The Idiot’s Guide to Enlightened Matrimony

Review of How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… His friends admired him for his intelligence, honesty, and commitment to virtue, but thought that maybe a little … by turns hilarious and heartbreaking—Moore’s book offers a wild ride through Enlightenment society by asking … of orphanages usually attempted to place their charges into good positions, the sheer volume of children in their care …
Rosie Castro with her sons, Joaquín, left, and Julián, April 23, 2006 (ZUMA Wire/San Antonio Express-News/Helen L. Montoya)

No Julian Castro without Mother Rosie Castro

… since the battle at the Alamo. Juan Seguin served in the 1830s, and Henry Cisneros served in the 1970s. This is in a … woman has held that position.   But Julian Castro did not become mayor on his own. He attributes his rise to the Chicano … party seeking to elect Latino and Latina candidates to office. Pundits such as Michelle Malkin have misunderstood …
Rio's Ipanema Beach

A Postcard from Brazil: The Old Struggle for a Better Future

… a man running for his life, I immediately knew the answer. "COME IN!" someone was yelling. I need not have been told; the gunshots must have gone off 60 feet away from me. Without thinking, I had already … other country in the Western hemisphere. Between 1889 and 1930, only two Brazilian states dominated a political system …
Depiction of General Scott capturing Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.

Getting Away from the “Quagmire” Cliché

… analogies about Iraq. They had better search further. While comparisons of Iraq with Vietnam may stir Howard Dean’s … These actions told terrorists the United States lacked the will to engage in a ground war because it still suffered … in 1848, they left it in disarray. Besides illustrating the good sense of understanding and taking seriously Iraqis’ …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … a capitalist nation-state and those fighting against it. William McIntosh, a headman of the prominent Creek … a tract larger than the size of modern Portugal. American officials, citing the “unprovoked, inhuman, and sanguinary …
John Kerry addressing reporters in 2015.

What’s a Convention For, Any More?

… of money and momentum. This year, conventions were almost completely removed from the selection of a nominee. For all … or her running mate, both for political reasons and for the good of the country. The last open convention occurred in … main themes. In 1992, Al Gore, like Bill Clinton, offered the image of a vigorous, moderate Democratic leader, …