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The Ethiopian Civil War in Tigray

… peace. At his inaugural ceremony in 2018, he counseled a complete break with the past forms of governance that were … were at the core of the Front’s ideology and agenda. Ultra-nationalists within the TPLF early on sought secession … that can solve our problems. . . [and] that can connect us all.” Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali and …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… across the United States owned their reservation lands as a community: families could settle, plant their crops, and own … to other children—and further mandated that all Native peoples were required to become American citizens and subject to … American society by diminishing tribal sovereignty also necessitated a loss of political rights . While U.S. …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… but the game itself made no money. Men’s college basketball commenced with a similarly obscure contest.  In 1895 at … in the United States do big-time sports have a close connection to institutions of higher learning, where athletes … students. Every other major sport that began with amateur rules—such as soccer, rugby, tennis, and the Olympics —has …
Attica

A History of Athens Beyond Decline

Review of Athens After Empire: A History from Alexander the Great to the Emperor Hadrian, by Ian Worthington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … education there. Roman aristocrats also, ironically, funded necessary reconstruction after Athens was damaged by the … toward Athens was offset, however, by the looting of countless Greek artworks brought to Rome for display. There is …
Ukrainian soldier with blue and yellow ribbon overlay

Understanding the War in Ukraine: Insights from the Recent Past, 1991—Present

… Dr. Angela Brintlinger  Welcome, everybody. I went ahead and turned off my email so it … yachts seized, it's because they want international connections, international trade, international travel, all the … a subset of the Russians, he's achieved the exact opposite. Because this has inspired a great deal of Ukrainian …
The flag of the United Nations

America’s Intervention Predicament

… of the problem. One of that organization’s principal roles is peacemaking. But the victorious Allies who founded it … through the veto or some other device, such a force could become the rogue force the U.N. founders feared. But our … of major human rights violations, and which could not become an international troublemaker. Not an easy challenge.  …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… examines in his new book Faustian Bargain. The book chronicles how the relationship between these two powers was not … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … in a partnership that led to rearmament. The technological component of Soviet-German cooperation stands out as its …
A 1940s photo of a church in Kansas.

Those Who Abuse the Past Are Bound to Misunderstand It

… use history to justify their views. The problem is a common propensity to mangle the past to suit current needs, … that the study of distant societies and events is worthless unless it is somehow useful to prove a current point. … their best to tell stories that reflect the past in all its complexity. But this is hard to do. Consider the current …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … policy even if it makes China-bashers feel good.  Nevertheless, to preempt criticism from them, President Clinton … done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In …
President George W. Bush sitting at his desk in 2001.

Social Security: False Crisis, Destructive Solutions

… Association of Realtors, the largest political action committee, as measured by direct contributions to federal … receives in taxes and will thus be forced to draw on the surplus in the Social Security Trust Fund. By 2052, he went on … the federal government would have to borrow the money necessary to keep making benefit payments. The borrowing …
A Soviet junior political officer urges Soviet troops forward against German positions, 1942

Operation Barbarossa

… the Lebensraum (living space) Hitler had long argued was necessary for Germany to be a great power. Hitler further … and the simultaneous purges, officers were rushed into commission; in 1941, only half had completed any formal … a series of gigantic kesselschlachten (cauldron battles). Surrounded and subjected to constant aerial and …
Depiction of General Scott capturing Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.

Getting Away from the “Quagmire” Cliché

… analogies about Iraq. They had better search further. While comparisons of Iraq with Vietnam may stir Howard Dean’s … and Iraqi police face domestic and foreign terrorists committed not to independence but actually to blocking … President Clinton’s profligate use of cruise missiles and high-altitude bombing tactics, which worked against …
Globe on a plate with knife and fork next to it

Diet for a Large Planet

… to wealth, luxury, and power—and how dietary choices connect to the pressing issues of climate change and food … Nicholas Breyfogle: Welcome to Diet for a Large Planet by The Ohio State … itself from within. This author who argued for js this posited that it was the cause of every disease to man. …
President Richard Nixon

Republican Character

Review of Republican Character: From Nixon to Reagan, by Donald T. Critchlow (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018)
… insightful study of presidential candidates and their styles of political decision making . These styles range from … to argue that "principled pragmatism, the ability to compromise while maintaining core principles, is essential … ideological firmness, yet made political compromises when necessary . This pragmatism, combined with Reagan's natural …
The image of a Thunderbird on top of a totem pole

“Allese Rondade”, that is to say, ‘Shoot!’”

Review of Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violent Transformation of Native America, by David J. Silverman (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2016)
… them and Euro-Americans saying “Indian polities used commercial and military leverage to shape these … over the gun trade? During diplomatic negotiations it was common practice to receive gifts as a sign of brotherhood. … cede land, they did use gift diplomacy to sway Native peoples towards or against one side during periods of conflict. …
Abandoned nuclear weapons depot in Northern Germany.

What About the WMDs that DO Exist?

… Treaties (START I, in 1991 and START II, in 1993), and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, in 1996). These … an early nuclear enthusiast, came around to recognizing the necessity for building a nuclear-free world. Evidently the … commitment to nuclear arms control and disarmament. Unless this policy is reversed, the world faces disasters of …
President George W. Bush signs a law in front of senators.

The Dark Side of “Faith-Based Initiatives”

… President Bush’s Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives — created to give religious groups tax … for this project lies an unspoken fear that respect for rules and authority has broken down. If we do, in fact, have a … a heavenly ruler. He may not think religious authority is necessary to improve people’s lives. But he seems to think …
Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… Keepers meeting. Instead, it is 1834, and Reverend Charles Grandison Finney, the most popular evangelist of … Tocqueville noted in the 1830s, Americans are renowned for combining “separation of church and state” with intense, … revival encouraged them to leave their homes. Women’s connection with the revival also allowed them to claim the …
Ivan Aivazovsky, a Native of Feodosia, Crimea, is known as one of Russia's greatest painters, and one of the world's best at seascapes. The Battle of Sinop (Russian and Turkish Navies), 1853

Top Ten Origins: Stories from Crimea

… The Crimea that most people have come to know is a peninsula occupied by Russian forces, … the importance of Crimea to Russia, as the ancient site where, according to medieval Russian documents, Prince … invading Crimea, fearing Russian control of the straits connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Military …
Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Restoring Russian Support for the War on Terror

… and Moscow are increasingly frayed, and Russia has become a determined foe of the American Middle East agenda. … the United Nations over the Iranian nuclear program should come as no surprise. The further the American quest to … the Russians made a sharp distinction between stateless radicals and the “rogue states” Bush has sought to …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… years, and since 2006 has published several books and articles on the Middle East and oil. He has an intimate … had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for commercially viable oil sources as well as the negotiation …
 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… present decade, forty-three states witnessed political battles over the teaching of Darwinian evolution in public … for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … "Multiple viewpoints," however, is exactly the opposite of what early anti-evolutionists, who Lienesch argues …