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Group of women protesting against the ERA with signs: "Stop the web of deception," "ERA means Amy register for the draft at 18," "Maternity ward - persons only"

Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6)

… Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6) … Episode 6: Mom and Apple Pie: Sarah Paxton Last time, we discussed the … and the Equal Rights Amendment being well on its way to becoming the newest tenant of the US Constitution. But it was … as wives and mothers, working only the limited and low paying positions that were deemed suitable for women. …
A Marine Corps M1 Abrams tank patrols a Baghdad street after its fall in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Who Will Pay for Iraq and When?

… about the Iraq war, we’ve heard little or nothing about paying for it. Regardless of how you feel about the war, you … of taxing citizens. Lotteries, an essential source of income for 42 states today, helped pay for the Revolutionary War. The income tax first surfaced in the United States to pay the huge …
The Palins and McCains in Fairfax, Virginia, September 2008.

Why the Sarah Palin Gamble Didn’t Pay Off

… John McCain probably lost whatever chance he had to become president on August 28, the day he invited Sarah Palin … quality and the process leading to those choices, have become measures of presidential candidates themselves. Barack … McCain did not. Their different decisions affected the outcome.   The vice-presidential choices this year presented …
A homeless man outside the outside the United Nations building in New York with the American flag in the background.

A New Abolition Movement — Against Poverty

… tax credit for children to the nation’s 6.5 million low-income families, and has buried the measure in another round … sober and industrious workers fully employed but did not pay them enough to feed their families. Working against the … that says “there but for the grace of God go I”? Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
President George W. Bush meets with his cabinet after his re-election.

The Founders Never Imagined a Bush Administration

… insisted that there can be no limits to the power of the commander-in-chief in time of war. More recently the … has produced a devilish conundrum. President Bush has given Commander-in-Chief Bush unlimited wartime authority. But the … public must wake up to this constitutional crisis. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
A teacher and her students in an elementary school classroom.

When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right

… California has something to offer the nation as it comes to terms with last month’s Supreme Court ruling … Even more important, they provided easy ways to file complaints and measure compliance. Achieving such a sweeping … of Education in the civil rights “hall of fame.” Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
Jefferson High School Marching Colonials perform on the steps of National Archives Building on Constitution Day, September 17, 1974.

Let’s Do Something Constitutional on Constitution Day

… 2, Section 2, couldn’t be clearer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United … there any grant of the sweeping powers now claimed for the commander in chief. Indeed, the congressional power to … amending of the Constitution that we hold so dear. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… Because of its indeterminacy?  No. Its singular distinction comes from the fact that never before have both the popular … or its official Electoral College count. This disturbing outcome may also alert the nation's voters to the real flaws in … be able to say:  if it's not broken, don't fix it. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
September 17: The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia.

The Constitution, Congress and the Power to Declare War

… The Founding Fathers balanced the power of the president as commander-in-chief with that of Congress, the people’s representatives — the one to command the nation’s armed forces, the other to decide when … amended the Constitution through collective neglect. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … the Senate as Jefferson's vice president from 1801-1805 recommended dropping in an effort to simplify Senate rules. … members of the Senate and return to majority rule. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
The four women Supreme Court Justices: Sandra Day O'Connor, Sotomayor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Elena Kagan. O'Connor is not wearing a robe because she is retired from the Court.

Should Catholic Justices Recuse Themselves on Certain Cases?

… who remained on the court. This dramatic change in the composition of the Supreme Court can be traced to the … justices to judge these issues. Perhaps the time has come to ask them to recuse themselves when cases come before … with cases touching these powerful concerns?  Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is co-director of the …
The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi painting by Theodoros Vryzakis.

An Historic Question: Over There or Over Here?

… to take action against Iraq should that nation fail to comply with UN arms inspectors, one arresting question … fight for freedom. By 1824 American citizens had become involved. The American “Hellenes” began to hold public … and tolerance that the world’s peoples yearn to see. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
Crowds outside the Bank of United States in New York after its failure in 1931.

Blame It All on Unintended Consequences

… consequences to explain how individual ambition served the common good. It’s not from the benevolence of the butcher, … unintended consequence of their self interest, mediated by competition, was better and cheaper meat, beer and bread. … consequences of studying unintended consequences. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations, a print prepared by Frédéric Sorrieu, 1848.

Nationalism in Decline

… concerns. Whether subduing Iraq and Afghanistan, combating sex trafficking, restricting nuclear weaponry or … intent on demonstrating hegemonic power, is unlikely to grapple with supranationalism in its remaining two years in … custody case in Chile will be decided by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Formal international …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … one member said, should have nothing to do “with the wrongs committed by other Governments against those whom they … States is to lead by example or by force of arms. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1780. Pennsylvania State Archives.

The Forgotten First Step Toward Freedom

… until seven years later, are usually credited with this accomplishment, having banished slavery in their remaining … move in novel areas. To be sure, these path-breaking acts compromised with the grim reality of slave owners’ property … a color, we’ll be ready to commemorate March 1, 1780. Joyce Appleby, UCLA emerita professor, is author of "The …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… of a permanent facility in which to play football.  When completed, Harvard Stadium cost over $300,000, held 40,000 … (1965), and on and on.  Keep this in mind as you read Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform .  Remind yourself periodically that competitive, commercialized, and capitalized athletic …
Nuremberg Trials - Looking down on defenants doc

Injustice Across Borders

How is injustice fought on an international level?
Grade Level
9-12
9
10
11
12
Teaching Area
American Government
US History since 1877
Payton Siebenaler …
Confederate monument - Photo by Fox Photos/Stringer/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Changing the Narrative

How have monuments and memorials minimized the Black experience in America?
Grade Level
10
Teaching Area
US History to 1877
African American History
Payton Siebenaler …

The Kids Aren’t Alright: The Policymaking of Student Loan Policy

… the problem, including loan consolidation, new government repayment options, paying them off with other credit lines or … to the cost saving measures of the FDLP, especially when compared to the money funneled to private banks through … few decades, the task of making school affordable has become an ever more important social and economic policy goal …

(Fore)Closing on the American Dream

… other countries require more money up front and require repayment more quickly. Recently, that market has undergone … lucky. Their ability to afford their monthly payments was compromised first by the falling market, then by mortgages … that has never been able to effectively cope with low-income homeowners who have been typically women, racial and …