![A statue of Jesus Christ in the Iraqi Kurdistan suburb of Ankawa in 2018.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Kurdistani%20Christian%20Suburb.jpg?itok=CZ3aAynm)
Kurdistani Christian Suburb
![Traditional attire worn by Kurds, Armenians, and Persians in the Ottoman Empire c.1888.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Traditional%20Attire.jpeg?itok=w9Zbnei_)
Traditional Attire
![A market in Iraqi Kurdistan in 2011.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Kurdistani%20Market.jpg?itok=0oYpc4j_)
Kurdistani Market
A market in Iraqi Kurdistan in 2011. (Photo by author.)
![Young students in 2011 headed to school in Ainkawa, Iraqi Kurdistan.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Ainkawa%20Students.jpg?itok=SBOYUGCm)
Ainkawa Students
Young students in 2011 headed to school in Ainkawa, Iraqi Kurdistan. (Photo by author.)
![A 2002 Central Intelligence Agency map of Kurdish populated areas in the Middle East.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Kurdish-Inhabited%20Areas.jpg?itok=YEVNJh5d)
Kurdish-Inhabited Areas
![A 1873 studio portrait of three married women from Diyarbakir Province.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Diyarbakir%20Women.jpg?itok=vQobmjMh)
Diyarbakir Women
![The governor of Van Province, Bahri Pasha, reviews the Kurdish cavalry in 1894.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Kurdish%20Cavalry%20Review.jpg?itok=g1-FXU-P)
Kurdish Cavalry Review
![An 1895 satirical cartoon commenting on possible international intervention in Turkey.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Puck.jpg?itok=7PjkM9Yy)
Armenian Massacre Satirical Cartoon
!['Long live the fatherland, long live the nation, long live liberty,' is declared in Ottoman Turkish and Bulgarian (left), Greek (center), and French (right) on three separate postcards.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Postcards.jpg?itok=8rYO7VVK)
Postcards
![French postage stamp commemorating the unratified boundary configuration of the First Republic of Armenia.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Wilsonian%20Armenia%20Postage%20Stamp.jpg?itok=MJyGAdFz)
Wilsonian Armenia Postage Stamp
![A 1917 British poster announcing a rally and seeking donations for displaced Armenians.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/UK%20Armenia%20Poster.jpg?itok=B0ML92ih)
UK Armenia Poster
![The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Anglo-Iraqi%20Treaty%20of%201922.jpg?itok=kOlGIQ4B)
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922
![Sultan Vahideddin (Mehmed VI) the last Ottoman emperor.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Sultan%20Vahideddin%20%28Mehmed%20VI%29_0.jpg?itok=O_qdmg6m)
Sultan Vahideddin (Mehmed VI)
![The Turkish delegation led by İsmet Pasha (İnönü) (center) and Rıza Nur (wearing a top hat on the left).](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Treaty%20of%20Lausanne.jpg?itok=P6IOdMXG)
Treaty of Lausanne
![Featuring Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on the 1923 cover, Time magazine’s cover.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Ataturk.jpg?itok=JGOvNjrJ)
Atatürk
![Iraqi Kurdistan celebrated the Kurdish horse in 2011 with four statues.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Duhok_0.jpg?itok=_Qms8HdK)
Duhok, Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan celebrated the Kurdish horse in 2011 with four statues. (Photo by author.)
![Women’s Protection Units or Women’s Defense Units (left) and the People’s Protection Units or People’s Defense Units (right).](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Kurdish%20Fighters.jpg?itok=xGHdqb_j)
Kurdish Fighters
Created in 2013, Women’s Protection Units or Women’s Defense Units (YPJ) are an all-female Kurdish militia actively fighting in Northern Syria (left). Formally established in 2011, the People’s Protection Units or People’s Defense Units (YPG) are a mixed-sex militia consisting primarily of ethnic Kurds (right).
![Supporters of the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK).](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/PKK%20Supporters.jpg?itok=etTjTG5a)
PKK Supporters
![Pira Delal Bridge.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Pira%20Delal%20Bridge_0.jpg?itok=5340U0_B)
Pira Delal Bridge
Built in c.750, the Pira Delal bridge crosses over the Khabur river in Zakho, Iraqi Kurdistan.
![The Hoşap castle in Van Province, eastern Turkey, in 2009.](/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/article18-19/Hos%CC%A7ap%20Castle%20.jpg?itok=uT59YdUh)
Hoşap Castle
The Hoşap castle in Van Province, eastern Turkey, in 2009.