Kris Lane holds the France V. Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University in New Orleans, USA. He is author of several books on gemstone and precious metals mining in early modern South America's Andes region, along with books on piracy. His latest work explores organic and mechanistic theories of Earth's subsurface workings as Latin America (and the planet) enters a new wave of scaled-up 'extractivism.'