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The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… debate concerning same-sex marriages. And if at least one similar long-ago ruling from the same court is any … provoke a long, protracted, bitterly contested debate along one of the central fault-lines of democratic government — … before all slaves in Massachusetts would be set free, the Commonwealth v. Jennison case of 1783 ensured that slaves …
A view of Cinicinnati in 1841. The waterways that brought cholera to the city feature prominently in this depiction.

Pandemic Redux: Revisiting Cincinnati’s 1849 Cholera in the Age of COVID-19

… December 25, 1848, brought an unwelcome gift to the Queen City. That Christmas Day, a dying man … producing voluminous discharge of rice-like white diarrhea. One physician described the tell-tale signs of cholera’s … city’s squalor in many ways, these semi-feral herds served one vital end, recycling neglected mounds of garbage and …
President George W. Bush signs a law in front of senators.

The Dark Side of “Faith-Based Initiatives”

… President Bush’s Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives — created to give religious groups tax … work of a Texas professor and born-again Christian, who is one of George W. Bush’s designated philosophers: Marvin … He argues that when private charities, mostly religious ones, gave help instead of the government, the poor and …
A bison in Yellowstone National Park.

Why the Buffalo Still Roam

… monumental environmental victories, and therefore hope. One such hopeful victory is found in the story of the … remnant of a herd that once numbered 30 million. Almost no one believed the buffalo could be saved from extinction, … ethics of the robber barons. Between 1871 and 1883, commercial hide hunters slaughtered buffalo by the millions. …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… have met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. … it doesn’t develop nuclear weapons, and thereby mitigate one of the most pressing international security concerns of … and set efforts to curb its nuclear program back to square one. Trump also reinforced Tehran’s fears about the dangers …

From Fat Cats to Egg Heads: The Changing American "Elite"

… of “elites.” Choice B, of course, is a thumbnail sketch of one of the primary targets of Trump’s rage: President Barack … at … well, any number of things. Lumping them together, the commentariat called all these angry voters “populists” and … much time defining just who those people are, what they’ve done to deserve the wrath of voters, and what the …
Minaret Islam Khoja in Khiva

A Postcard from Khiva, Uzbekistan

… richly historic town of Khiva (formerly known as Khorezm), one leaves behind the tree-lined streets and canals, the … history. The train stops in Urgench, a quiet and comparatively modern city of about 150,000 people. Exiting … fourth century B.C.E. Khorezmians were minting their early coins by the second century B.C.E. A century later the …
The World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001

The War on Terror

… questions facing American society and the international community in these uncertain times. ( Image Source ) … Patrick Potyondy  Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … poor choice by invading Iraq in 2003, the way forward is, nonetheless through unremitting pressure on terrorist group. …
Dmitri Karakozov before his execution, graphite drawing by Ilya Repin in 1866

Crime and Punishment 150 Years Later

One hundred fifty years ago this month, Fyodor Dostoevsky … monthly over the course of 1866, and it was a smash hit. As one influential critic put it at the time: During the year … it was being spoken about by fans of literature, who often complained about the stifling power of the novel and the …

Singapore at Fifty

… From a meagre population of 150 when the British East India Company first set up a factory and trading post on the … entirely on trade to obtain necessary goods. To almost everyone, Singapore’s prosperity at 50 is remarkable. Lee Kuan … transactions were facilitated by the use of Chinese copper coins. Chinese currency facilitated trade not just with …

Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace

… that, 17 years after its inception, remains stubbornly incomplete. On the positive side, the Belfast Agreement … April 10, 1998) has produced a functioning government, one that effectively represents both of Northern Ireland’s … societies . At the same time, Northern Ireland remains one of the most divided societies in Europe. Catholics live …
a can of Spaghetti-Os

Spaghetti in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

… Have you ever met someone who has skinned their own SpaghettiO? On May 12 th , … After drafting the singer Jimmie Rodgers, who transformed one of his romantic ballads into the far more memorable … every piece was in place for this circular pasta to become a staple of the American diet. By 2010, over 150 …
Caster Semenya at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Woman, Man, Neither? The Predicament of a World-Class Runner

… internal sex anatomy (ovaries or testes and her hormones and chromosomes. The International Association of … rejected the label.   Historically, hermaphrodite has been one of the more neutral descriptors of those born with … go either way. All it took was the parents’ unwavering commitment toward raising either a boy or a girl, and this …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary committees supported by the military. The Cultural … leadership adopted a decision on the Cultural Revolution, one that was published in the newspaper the following day. … himself. However, it was also a document of affirmation, one that—in condemning the Cultural Revolution’s excesses as …
MTA digital message campaign recognizes "Heroes moving Heroes," frontline employees who help other essential workers get to and from their jobs, 2020.

Work and Life after COVID-19

… been able to move their lives onto virtual networks have done so. The COVID-19 pandemic has bifurcated the world of … been able to continue their working lives cocooned at home, connected via Zoom, virtually escaping the … other business carried out virtually over Zoom. The theater company, Gemini CollisionWorks, gathers most of its 22 …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… easy categorization. In the new biography Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet , John G. Turner, religious studies professor … seeks to lay bare the contradictions that shroud one of the most controversial figures in American religious … of Young's evolution as a leader brings the full complexity of his character into focus.  Upon his ascension …
North Korea's prime minister Kim Il-sung and China's premier Zhou Enlai tour Beijing in 1958.

China Holds the Key to the North Korea Problem

… As the international community struggles to respond effectively to the missile … was originally designed explains why, today, China alone has the leverage needed to quell North Korea's nuclear … Union each primarily responsible for peace and order within one of the areas.   Roosevelt called his arrangement the …
Aerial view of Hiroshima before the bombing

Bombing Hiroshima

… atoms in anger. For the people of Hiroshima, the day was one of unimaginable suffering. The blast killed 80,000 … Asia and treated them brutally. This structure was one of the few left standing after the bombing in Hiroshima. … its efforts to build atomic bombs after a series of shortcomings and failures convinced its government to focus on a …
Chinese women putting up posters on a wall

Modern China and Its Institutions

Review of Making China Modern: From the Great Qing to Xi Jinping, by Klaus Mühlhahn (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… (1644-1912) to the present day. The book attempts to accomplish two tasks. First, it provides a general history of … of power within the government. Missionaries like the ones above began to undermine Chinese institutions during … each examining a different era of Chinese governance. Part One explores the Qing Dynasty, its rise and fall, and the …
Santorum speaking in Des Moines, Iowa in 2011

Rick Santorum Misunderstands Both Kennedy and Religious Pluralism

… about religious freedom made him “throw up” would rank as one of the most unsettling remarks of the 2012 campaign. … have no role in the public square,” and his speech ranks as one of the classic statements of the pluralistic foundations … the public acts of its officials.”   Kennedy affirmed his commitment to an America that is “officially neither …

Child Kidnapping in America

… and raped her and kept her as his daughter. Over the past one hundred and forty years, Americans have experienced … of $20,000 (only in part because he did not have the money). This refusal brought him a torrent of negative commentary and helped to define for the future what …