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… A great deal of ink—and much blood—has been spilled during the current “ refugee crisis .” But what do we mean by that phrase? It describes what has happened recently when Syrian, Afghan, and other refugees attempted the … in Poland and Czechoslovakia after the war’s end. But this was only part of the global “refugee problem.” To this …

… New York Times columnist David Brooks called the confirmation hearings for Supreme Court nominee Brett … Chief Justice John Jay’s resignation, President George Washington appointed Rutledge Chief Justice while the Senate … Senate. He became the first failed cabinet nomination when the Senate rejected President Jackson’s nomination of …

… Boyle , Stephanie Shaw , and Hasan Kwame Jeffries about the importance and difficulties of teaching race and civil rights in the classroom. “Learning about the Civil Rights Movement,” Boyle declares, “really explores … next question directly to Stephanie to start us off and so when a current event, like a police involved shooting takes …

… most of us had almost forgotten — most, that is, except the million-plus Cuban-Americans. Not only do … in large cities. Their migration to this country began when Castro overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista, who fled … with the Soviet Union. But the exiles' relationship with Washington began badly. Outstanding among the CIA's many …

… Clinton caused a sensation earlier in this turbulent year when she charged that a “right wing conspiracy” was behind the allegations of wrongdoing leveled against her husband. … The History of the “Right Wing Conspiracy” …

… Hillary Rodham Clinton secured enough delegates to become the Democratic nominee for president of the United States.  … through the line of succession. Representative Nancy Pelosi was second in line for the presidency from 2007-2011 (after the vice president) when she served as the first, and to date the only, female …

… Forty years ago on January 27, 1973, the U.S. War in Viet Nam officially concluded with the signing of the Paris Peace Accord. It was then the longest war in U.S. history; although commonly … to promoting peace as the result of their journeys. When I learned that a group of American activists, all of …

… During the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, 14 Australian Hornet … involvement in multinational and interagency operations, was established under the direction of the Chairman of the … that coalition dynamics become all the more intricate. When countries such as the United States decide to fight …

… Daily we search for explanations of the violence in the Middle East. Is it the vaunted clash of … struggles. Violence has accompanied decolonization whenever the goal of political independence is blocked. … Southern Rhodesia and South Africa no formal imperial ruler was available to negotiate the transfer of power. What the …

… Sometime in 1851, the Oatman family, Mormans from Illinois, were following … a part of the Colorado-Gila Rivers basin.  The journey was ill-fated from the start.  By the time the group reached … for four years before they returned her to the white world when the US Army ransomed her and threatened war.  During …

… Thanksgiving dinner: never has the history of a meal been so obscured by myth. Every year … educated hypothesis of what the Pilgrims ate, how they ate, when they ate and what they wore at that first Thanksgiving … out the bill of fare. In colonial times, a person ate what was available, when it was available. No one back then saved …

… There’s something special about learning how to ride a bike. … or without the assistance of a parent is unforgettable. When I was six years old, I distinctly remember falling off my … Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s , by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago …

… In 2006 a small group of historians startled the world by announcing the discovery and publication of a Gospel of Judas. Could the disciple who betrayed Jesus be a hero? Sixteen years … the word used for “thanksgiving” here is “eucharist.”  So when the disciples are portrayed as saying “thanksgiving …

… “Hands up, don’t shoot!” Demonstrators chanted these words at police in the aftermath of the shooting of … direct spending – and this does not tally the cost of those wasted lives or the devastation it has brought on families … development of America’s prison crisis came in July 1964, when Thomas Gilligan, an off-duty white lieutenant in …

… A young woman interviewed after the first presidential debate told the BBC that she was voting for Bush despite the fact that she thought he had … not support what he “knows” is true, it is to be ignored. When asked, as he was again in the second presidential …

… All of the Republican presidential candidates say that gay people … on the block in the Republican race, Texas Gov. Rick Perry, was the featured speaker at an AFA-sponsored prayer rally on … was picked up by the U.S. military during World War II, when American propaganda posters showed blond Nazi soldiers …

… as “America's Pastime,” it is often easy to overlook how the sport has firmly implanted itself in the consciousnesses … the year marking racial integration in the National League, was a critical year in the history of Cuban baseball as … fight in World War II.  Havana's “El Gran Stadium ,” which, when first opened for the 1946-7 Cuban League season was …

… On July 1, 2011, the United Nations welcomed its newest member. South Sudan's … United Nations, like many collective security alliances, was created in response to the last great threat to peace … the ability of the U.N. to speak in a unified voice when authorizing military action has often proved …

… Ariel Sharon’s victory in the Israeli elections has stirred fears throughout the world … of Israel’s right-wing opposition for nearly 30 years when he became prime minister in 1977. The accords led to a … ran a “College of Cowardly Communist Containment,” it was Nixon who radically improved relations with the Soviet …

… whether a political opponent is a "real" American. It was first employed more than 200 years ago when Thomas Jefferson ran against President John Adams in … H. L. Mencken called the president "a blood-brother of Lenin."   Roosevelt was popular enough to overcome these …