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Logo of General Motors.svg

The Federal Government Should Hold On To General Motors

… Most journalists, federal officials, and General Motors (GM) executives are … auto giant. They claim that the government’s sell-off is good for GM and for the government, and it is the “American” … in spring 2009. What was then the world’s largest auto company had been hemorrhaging money for years, losing an …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… refugees had largely stopped landing on the Greek islands off the coast of Turkey. Fifty thousand people already in … one day after the author's arrival. ( United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees ) We came to Greece with only a … outside of the cramped confines Stone House. We scoured the shops for things to bring that might entertain them: a …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… from the West to catch up to the West.”  Promising to break off “evil customs of the past” in favor of the “just laws of … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country … tradition,” Kataoka described . “It is our hope that Japan will serve as one of the best examples for developing …
British Prime Minister Tony Blair, pictured in 2002

Apologizing for History

… It seems as if apologies are becoming a regular part of business and politics. Pope John … before the Civil War. Such acts of contrition are good publicity. More important, from the point of view of … politicians and savvy businessmen, they increase goodwill abroad and in the marketplace at home. They also cost …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining spoken dialogue with music, song, and dance. For … as the “the Little Flower,” LaGuardia served three terms in office, from 1934 to 1945, and remains one of the most … to Miss Saigon (1970s South Vietnam) and Les Misérables (1830s Paris), and required increasingly elaborate technical …
Nixon shakes hands with Chinese leader Mao Zedong.

Nixon and China, Bush and Cuba?

… Fidel Castro is not exactly welcoming the new president of the United States with open … and sustained opposition to his policies would not be good for party unity. Also, Bush does not have the same … took full advantage of those provisions during his time in office. Bush could continue this practice, or he could work …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… has acknowledged that the war on terrorism “undoubtedly will prove to be a lot more like a cold war than a hot war.” … nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears that he was a weak leader by launching a …
Indian troops in Burma, 1944.

A Forgotten Theater of War

Review of India’s War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia, by Srinath Raghavan New York, NY: Basic Books, 2016
… the British, including the Muslim League led by Ali Jinnah (30). As a consequence, Jinnah was able to press for the … 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … was able to push for partition of the country, which set off a new wave of violence that took as many as a million …
A solemn crowd gathers outside the Stock Exchange after the crash. 1929.

This Year’s Equation: 1920 + 1932 = 2008

… often hear that the election that takes place next Tuesday will be one of the most important in American history. Such … To make the case that an election is momentous, you need to compare it with previous critical ones. The most important … origins of realignments are always negative. Voters turn against a party that has long held power when it presides …
Cover of Wounded Knee Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre by Heather Cox Richardson

Where Our Hearts Are Still Buried

Review of Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, by Heather Cox Richardson (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… asked Big Foot, leader of the Minneconjou Teton Sioux, to come to Pine Ridge Reservation with his followers in hopes … by its own media, had frightening repercussions" (308). Their partisan magazine, Frank Leslie's Illustrated … generations of American Indians, and the bureaucracy of the Office of Indian Affairs.  These would have nicely augmented …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… Civil War. Jose Robles, a Stalinist and Spanish military officer of formidable rank, was arrested and executed by his … spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the … Koch's portrayal of the crucial event, afterward, he or she will find him utterly contemptible. Koch reveals Dos Passos …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… closest Caribbean neighbor, Cuba lies a mere 90 miles off the coast of Florida, yet American citizens have been … the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … embargo, blocking the import or export of almost all goods between the two countries. This allegiance, and the …
Mexican flag in a square

A Postcard from Mexico City

… sacrifices. If anyone is up for the challenge, you are welcome to climb up the steps. However, you should consider the … you. If you decide to embark on this strenuous journey, good luck! I’ve heard it is worth it. Dozens of people … their new home Tenochtitlán. Its tricolor flag includes a code of arms in the middle as a representation of the sign …
Illustration of the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887)

The Hamilton-Burr Duel

… Alexander Hamilton and Vice President Aaron Burr faced off in the most infamous duel in American history. Burr … of Lin Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton , he has also become a pop culture icon. Meanwhile, as the character of … The Revolutionary Generation (Knopf, New York, 2000) pp. 30-31. 5  For more on the effect of the Cilley-Graves duel …
Painting of Alexander Hamilton.

A Golden Opportunity for the Social Security Trust Fund

… The sudden threat to the Social Security trust fund offers unexpected opportunities to address pressing national … long-term solvency. Because big sinking funds are good policy, this one should be guarded, not raided. A … Then it dedicates an amount of money every year out of incoming taxes to an account that goes to repay the bonds. …

Colonizing Mars: Practicing Other Worlds on Earth

… Congress in Adelaide, Australia. Musk spoke about his company's plans for interplanetary travel and his belief in … and move on to Mars—and like his predecessor, he did not offer concrete plans for doing so. However, with the rise of … all promise that with a little imagination—and money—humans will reach Mars within the next few decades. While the …
The other side of The Shore, depicting the Maritime House, third from the left. The former headquarters of the National Seamen’s Union are now flats.

A Postcard from Leith, Scotland

… wealthy Georgian facades of New Town transform into charity shops, pubs, Indian restaurants, and the occasional Tesco … of Leith, next to the Water of Leith. The bus then turns off the Walk and onto Henderson Street, a road that barely … your right, you will encounter the upscale whiskey house, complete with nineteenth-century stone walls that feature …
Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs book cover.

Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe

Review of Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006)
… work on the Enlightenment and the history of science, Jacob offers a series of case studies looking at Avignon, Alchemy, … Republicans. This allows her to easily skim over the often complicated inter-relations between politics, science, and … and narrative skipped over rapidly, while the expert will be disappointed at Jacob's failure to address the …
Portrait of General Winfield Scott.

When “Sensitivity” Has Opened the Road to Victory

… resources within their borders, but approximately 300,000 slave- state residents, including many thousands … enemies, Grant “sensitively” allowed Lee and his fellow officers to keep their side arms, even though the Civil War … one of the most sensitive and successful coalition commanders of all time. Cheney forgets that Ike diverted …
George W. Bush at the White House in 2003.

Can Bush out-Hoover Hoover?

… the fact that she thought he had “showed himself to be a complete idiot. “Why?” the perplexed reporter inquired. … has placed almost all its chips on a bet that “consistency” will prove to be this year’s trump card. It hopes that a … man of steadfast principles from which he would not deviate against a pragmatic Democratic challenger. Contemporary …
Howard Dean speaking at a rally in 2003.

How to Rise from the Political Deathbed

… Howard Dean’s current bid to chair the Democratic National Committee is a test case of his political viability. It’s … ever recovering. History, however, suggests that Dean has a good chance of regaining his position as a widely respected … transgression remains a little fuzzy, but one unofficial rule for possible political resurrection is clear. …
A manuscript image of Pope Innocent IV excommunicating Emperor Frederick II at the Council of Lyon.

Medieval Public Relations Battles

Review of The Two Powers: The Papacy, The Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century, by Brett Edward Whalen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… documents written to persuade the public, Whalen uncovers a communications battle between the papacy and the Holy Roman … to support or fight in crusades in the Middle East in order to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land, they often … often operated according to local customs and concerns. Bishops in the empire had to balance their loyalties between …

The Year of Africa

… After touring British colonies in Africa, Macmillan had become increasingly convinced that “national consciousness” … and an inability to enforce decisions without an official armed force, the OAU remains an important component … Brussels. The conference set Congo’s independence for June 30, 1960 in a shocking repudiation of the popular Belgian …
An 1889 lithograph of the Historic Capitol of Tallahassee, Florida

For History’s Sake, Preserve Florida’s Presidential Ballots

… to remain an unsettled and unsettling question. In years to come, hundreds of articles and books will flow from the pens of historians and other researchers. … communications between the Florida secretary of state's office and local election boards. The records should then be …