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From the 2011 UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa.

Top Ten Origins: Climate Change

… on. As we celebrate Earth Day, Origins offers ten essential points to know about climate change on Earth. 1. Snowballs … temperature trend has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. The Earth is already warming. The ten hottest years … and sea level rise. In the last decade the U.S. and Europe have reduced emissions, but increases in China and …
Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge, by Roxanne L. Euben book cover.

Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge

Review of Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge, by Roxanne L. Euben (Princeton University Press, Princeton 2006)
… easily between historical periods, and languages. Her command of her own discipline, political theory, and other … fixed questions posed by a pantheon of (almost exclusively) Euro-American philosophy" (10). In Journeys to the Other … a way that will appeal to specialists, and not a general audience. At times her language is convoluted and her …
Woodrow Wilson in 1911.

The Peril of Absolute Power

… nation. It lacked the military strength to challenge major European powers. Instead, the United States urged the … for a reformation of the world order in his famous Fourteen Points address. Not only did he urge a world governed by … of “a general association of nations,” what would become the League of Nations, to adjudicate international …
U.S. Army Officers wearing their “Pinks-and-Greens,” 1943. (Library of Congress)

Throwback Army: World War II-Style Uniforms for Today’s Soldiers

… 1943. (Library of Congress) Uniforms are soaked in symbolism, and the same guidelines point out that … in meeting recruiting goals. Old and New Uniforms in Comparison: Modern-day reenactors (left and center) wearing … roots, but the uniform soon became unpopular among many soldiers. The Army leadership was forced to find a replacement …
A painting of the Rubicon scene from the mid-nineteenth century: Gustave Boulanger, Jules-César arrivé au Rubicon.

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

… Gaul, or today’s Emilia Romagna—the statesman and accomplished general Julius Caesar crossed the little Rubicon … However, when their third ally, Marcus Crassus, died shortly after the death of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and … is one of, if not the, most famous historical turning points. These turning points force us to confront our …

Canada’s Dark Side: Indigenous Peoples and Canada’s 150th Celebration

… 375 years of colonization, oppression, and resistance since European arrival ( right ). Subsequently borders to the … even before treaties were signed, suggesting that expediency and opportunity trumped genuine regard for Indigenous … for 2018. Indeed, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s website “ Beyond 94 ” that tracks which of the …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … by force if necessary. It’s a proposition that deserves some thought, and we’re fortunate that in 1824 the House of … indomitable longing for freedom. Educated people in Europe and the United States had long cherished ancient …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… according to the International Darwin Day Foundation website. Born on February 12, 1809, Darwin published his … 2009, with events sponsored by national and state "Lincoln Commissions," and because of the remarkable presidential … year, was "a separate thought of the creator." Agassiz died in 1873 and spent the last years of his life crusading …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as … the armed forces under civilian authority. Remote from Europe, the United States sought, in its idealized … Confederacy’s surrender at Appomattox, he squelched his soldiers’ gloating, telling them that “the rebels are our …
A group of Kyiv civilians gather in a basement downtown to make Molotov Cocktails to be used against Russian troops in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022.

Ukraine in War and Revolution

… Instead, there were simply “the people living in the south-west of what has historically been Russian land [who] … state was “entirely created” by the Bolsheviks after the communist seizure of power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s … Ukraine is important strategically and economically for Europe. The strategic value is evident just by looking at a …
Judge John G. Roberts, Jr. during a meeting with Senator Patrick Leahy on August 29, 2005

Give Roberts Some Breathing Room

… of John G. Roberts Jr. Because he’s a devout Catholic, some senators — even Catholic senators — suggest that he’s … he would most likely recuse himself. It must have been an uncomfortable moment for both Durbin and Roberts, Catholic to … weight to this concern is the fact that Roberts will become the fourth Catholic on this Court — the largest number …
Cover of Guantánamo, USA The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost by Stephen Irving Max Schwab.

Guantanamo For Beginners

Review of Guantanamo, USA: The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost, by Stephen Irving Max Schwab (University Press of Kansas, 2009)
… Guantanamo Bay has become one the most infamous places on earth.  In the United … Irving Max Schwab seeks to uncover and give voice to the complete history of the installation that is largely absent … of the Cold War, under the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations.  Schwab's treatment of the Cuban …

Re-mapping American Politics: The Redistricting Revolution Fifty Years Later

… the so-called "new immigration" from southern and eastern Europe. That mass movement of people greatly swelled the … differ somewhat between federal and state legislative bodies, but the basic rules (reapportion after every census … since the 1960s, the Court has not wavered on those key points of constitutional interpretation. All of this …
Administrative building in the Hague in 1939.

First World War of the Twenty-First Century?

… Now the question again surfaces: will the international community be able to avoid the slide toward war? It remains … patterns in human affairs. The lack of vision exhibited by European statesmen a century ago allowed colonial squabbles … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …
Collage: On the left, a group of men emptying liquor bottles during Prohibition. On the right, a field of marijuana plants

Hooked: Drugs, Prohibition, and American Cities

… Since the 1970s, the " War on Drugs " has absorbed billions of dollars, fueled armed interventions overseas, imprisoned millions of individuals, and stigmatized inner city communities--all without appearing to have produced a … much say in what became illegal at these various turning points?   Dr. Clay Howard  Yeah, they've been important …
A U.S. Marine Corporal looks through a sniping rifle during a training in California in 2001.

Don’t Compare America Now With Britain Then

… No longer concerned about a clash of arms with the old Soviet Union, America today faces new challenges to its … and means to maintain its present overseas positions and commitments, it will fail, as did Great Britain in the late … Balance: How France and the United States Created Cold War Europe" (2006), he is also a writer for the History News …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … appeal to the political elite of the colonies as well as of Europe, who might be persuaded to aid the American cause. Paine’s audience was less refined. They were the common people who …
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick Book Cover.

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War

Review of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick (New York, Viking Press 2006)
… beyond the myth of the first Thanksgiving, exploring the complicated politics that came to dominate a world created … These tensions emerged not simply between the developing European communities and the established Native American … This economic imbalance came to a head in one of the bloodiest conflicts in American history, King Philip's War. …
The Trojan Nuclear Plant in 1973.

The Atomic Age

… The Atomic Age is over.  That’s what some observers of the nuclear power industry are saying.  … Energy Agency forecast back in 1974.  France, the leading European user of nuclear power, has declared a moratorium on … of 1989 in eastern and central Europe and the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union in 1991 brought an end to the …
President George W. Bush in 2004.

When the Axis Was Truly Evil

… peace than Bush’s “axis of evil.” The president’s comments have led to denunciations from the three nations he … Iran since the 1979-1980 hostage crisis. His remarks have also puzzled many NATO allies, who have keen memories of the … alliance that conquered and occupied most of Europe and much of eastern Asia in the early years of the …
Glacial ice on Lake Baikal

Climate Change and Human Life

… Delegates from across the globe will soon gather at the Paris Climate Change Conference, set to begin at the end of November. Sponsored by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate … human interference with the climate system." On this episode of History Talk , three environmental historians, Sam …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… massive tank battle against the Soviet Union for control of Europe, the administration believed, the U.S. military services had to become flexible and mobile enough to meet smaller and more … centuries. It is believed in Army circles that only a soldier on the ground can take and hold land. High technology …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… huge bestsellers. We celebrate the Founders’ audacity and commitment, marvel at their battlefield heroics, literary … and sins of omission, was fought to create a political and social order radically different from those of the … taxes for the rich and welfare provisions for the neediest, we have allowed our material inequalities to …