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The West without Water: What Can Past Droughts Tell Us About Tomorrow?

… The state of California is beginning its fourth year of a serious drought, … ridge of high pressure. A relatively wet December has given way to the driest January on record, and currently over 90 … are also experiencing moderate to severe drought, and this comes on the heels of a very dry decade. This long drought …
Taxation without Representation, Suffrage Collection.

Death, Taxes, and the American Founders

… property rights versus the democratic ethos, and the need for savings versus the need for resources for the common good.  For many of today's issues — such as Internet …  requiring the wealthy to pay taxes on estates is a way to lower federal deficits with minimal social cost.  The …
Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill Final Vote.

True Bipartisanship Is Not Love and Kisses

… have derailed President Obama’s popular campaign finance reform bill, it’s time we admitted a sad truth: bipartisanship … Fathers designed it to have, while working against true compromise. That’s bad not just for Democrats, but for …   Throughout U.S. history, the government has functioned best when its leaders have acted like McConnell — when two …
Computers utilized by U.S. Navy personnel in 1998.

What the Internet Will Bring Us

… ultimate solution to problems of (pick one, or pick many) communication, commerce, travel, learning, teaching, … technology to bear on people’s lives in new and remarkable ways. When the Union Pacific met up with the Central Pacific … had been thrown across the nation and America’s two coasts forever linked. Just like the internet, the railroad opened …
Martin Luther King Jr. Day March at Southern Arkansas University.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day: A Holiday the Nation Resisted

… the holiday or diminished it by linking it to Confederate commemorations.  Federal recognition had finally arrived, … Jr. Day reveals how determined the nation was—and in many ways still is—to avoid reckoning with what King actually … and sustained public pressure forced Congress to revisit an issue it avoided for more than a decade. By 1983, …
Thomas Jefferson

The Road to a New American Aristocracy

… that the blood in their veins distinguished them from the common herd. Despite the rhetoric about property rights that … each generation an equal start. Jefferson argued that the best way to prevent an aristocracy was to limit inheritance. In a … History News Service …
Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… and sent to Vologda. It was there he decided to become a writer, sending his first short story to Maxim Gorky. … paradoxical it may seem to us today, Savinkov believed the best path for Russia lay through employing political violence that would pave the way for a new, more representative government. While in …
Nationalist poster depicting Pakistani atrocities during the war

The Bangladesh Liberation War

… the former province of East Pakistan. Although the war is best remembered for its dramatic alteration of South Asia’s geopolitical landscape, it also bears a more complex and lesser-known set of legacies for how we think … Cold War. Fearing that an Indian victory would pave the way for Soviet domination in the region, the United States …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… through the lens of the region’s largest industry: oil.  Before taking up writing, Morton served as a lawyer for 30 … argues that, “oil creates empires and anarchies in the same way that wealth, power and greed have always done” (14). The … had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… noted that work on the largest mosque in the city had been completed just before his arrival, but Timur ordered its … here to Hajji Muhammad al-Qazi, a Chagatai courtier who had visited the court of Castile in Toledo several years … of planning and complex organization. Yet in fundamental ways they were pre-modern: like Genghis Khan, Timur and his …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… worldwide on March 8, seems to be emerging as an occasion for private rituals involving greetings, gifts, and flowers … break with socialist tradition. Though ideologically committed to human equality, socialists had long argued that … would only materialize under socialism, and the only way for working-class women to improve their lot in life was …
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… support sanctions or even use military action. But the best tactic for the United States is to open a dialogue with Iran. … weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … History News Service …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … aroused public opinion in America in an unprecedented way. It quickly became a best seller, with 120,000 copies sold in the first year … History News Service …
Jean Leon Gerome Ferris's 1912 illustration, The First Thanksgiving, 1621

Now, About that First Thanksgiving Dinner…

… to eat with family and friends. Some gather to give thanks for all that they have received over the previous year; … and football. We all celebrate Thanksgiving in our own ways. So what do most Americans believe happened on that … are uncertain. The only documentary evidence of the event comes from the journal of Plymouth Colony’s governor, Edward …
Cover of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II by Karel C. Berkhoff

Long Live the Soviet Motherland?

Review of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II, by Karel C. Berkhoff (Harvard University Press, 2012)
… memorabilia, including weapons, bullets, mines, uniforms, helmets and posters, but also photographs, letters, … forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … that they were not entirely true. One of the important ways in which Berkhoff explores the Soviet war era is in …
Emperor Süleyman

Süleyman the Magnificent

… his empire. When Süleyman was made sultan, his kingdom encompassed the peoples and territories of the Balkans, … niches to fill and were generally allowed to maintain their way of life and flourish during his reign. An illustration … is still a popular destination for Istanbul residents and visitors today. [Photo by author] The Sultan often reflected …
A contractor for the U.S. Army kicking in a door during Operation IRAQI FREEDOM.

From King George the Third to the Third President George: Mercenaries are Still a Bad Idea

… of Independence Thomas Jefferson attacked King George for sending hired troop — mercenaries — to occupy his … Time, transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the Works of Death, Desolation, and Tyranny already … cars, and serious amounts of firepower. They bully their way through the streets of Baghdad and other cities and …
Jimmy Carter, Richard Nixon and Deng Xiaoping during the state dinner for the Vice Premier of China

The Nixon-Deng Comparison

… a famous politician dies, obituary writers and other commentators immediately start comparing the departed figure … not just because Nixon was the first American president to visit the People’s Republic of China and Deng was the first … credentials as a Cold Warrior that he could get away with making overtures to Beijing, and it was precisely …
Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… In 1831, when Gustave de Beaumont and I left France to visit the United States to examine first hand this … strife between Sunnis and Shiites within your great community of Islam weakened the entire civic and social … that the marriage of Church and State was only a step away from creating the age-old triad of king, priests and …
Immunization poster from the early 1940s that says, " Immunization: Saves Lives," and shows a child receiving a vaccination.

Voluntary Vaccination: Deciding the Risk of Unknowable Danger

For twenty years, smallpox has been declared dead. But as … the 1700s, European smallpox epidemics seem to have been comparatively mild, with minimal death rates. But thereafter … in Europe during the next two centuries. The quest for ways to prevent or treat it led to the development of …
Highclere Castle, the main setting for Downton Abbey.

At the Movies: Downton Abbey

… survive in a changing world. The movie revolves around a visit by King George V and Queen Mary to Downton Abbey. … for nine days after an alliance of unions that included railway and transport workers, miners, utility workers, and … its effects: “My maid was rather curt with me, but she is a Communist at heart.” Mounted police clear demonstrators from …

A Century of HIV

… have shown that the virus has been active in humans for about a century. A biography of the disease would show a … human immune systems, HIV has also allowed tuberculosis to come thundering back as a global health threat and has … recent strains of HIV to construct a family tree all the way back to a common ancestor virus. This pointed the …
A U.S. Marine Corporal looks through a sniping rifle during a training in California in 2001.

Don’t Compare America Now With Britain Then

… of the 21st century, the nation must rethink how it can best defend and advance vital U.S. Interests. No longer … and means to maintain its present overseas positions and commitments, it will fail, as did Great Britain in the late … America and yesterday’s Britain falls short in other ways as well. The industrial democracies after the First …