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Centennial Seal of the Land Grant Colleges

The 1862 Morrill Act Honored the Liberal Arts As Well As Technical Education

…   Why the fuss about 1862? Because the 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act, signed by Lincoln in the midst of the Civil … not an admissions factor. Because 1890 was the peak of the South’s post-Civil War Jim Crow segregation, a substitute … (1886), Savannah (Georgia) State University (1890), and Southern (Louisiana) University (1881).   It is commonly …

The Hajj and Europe

… to Mecca, is a central ritual of the Muslim faith and one of the largest and oldest gatherings of people in … and refugees  from  Afghanistan ,  the Middle East , and  Africa . In response to their integration into global hajj … powers had colonized much of Asia and almost all of Africa, and brought most of the world’s Muslims under …
John Kerry addressing reporters in 2015.

What’s a Convention For, Any More?

… battled over the party’s stance on the Vietnam War. And in 1980, the Republicans, for the first time, inserted … State colleague Albert Gore, Sr., perhaps the last great Southern populist; and Massachusetts Sen. John F. Kennedy, … Kennedy’s 1960 selection of Lyndon Johnson, a moderate Southern Protestant, is the classic example. The last two …

Another Silent Spring

… An eerie silence fell over the world’s cities and towns this spring, as governments ordered their citizens … have been invented and spread across the land. Throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America the old poison is still … which killed half the population of Eurasia and northern Africa. Ground zero back then was the city of …

NATO's New Order: The Alliance After the Cold War

… Reading the headlines over the past weeks and months, it seems like déjà vu all over again. The North … the larger role of the alliance created a sense of stasis. South Korean refugees, 1950 It was only after the outbreak … it expanded its membership, adding Greece and Turkey to its southeastern flank in 1952, West Germany in 1955, and Spain …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… Russia’s cooperation with the Kurds of Iraq and Syria in the fight against ISIL has been widely … with Christianity, Islam, and Zoroastrianism. Russia’s southern expansion (from the 18 th century on) in search of … occupying the northern half of the country and Britain the southern half. At the end of the war, Moscow refused to …
Portrait of Jane Addams

Million Moms March in Noble Company

… history of mothers' activism on issues related to violence and children. Unfortunately, violence against children has … For example, the brutal murder in 1955 of the 14-year-old African-American boy, Emmett Till (for allegedly whistling … drawing public attention to the effects of racism on African-American children. Another often forgotten example …
Crowd photo at the 2017 Women's March in Washington DC

The Way We Never Were (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 1)

… women's voting bloc in the aftermath of the 2016 election and during the 2020 election cycle. Then, to truly … daughters of a slave owning family. They grew up in the south and they spoke to other white Christian women of the … were about to be enfranchised along with the newly freed African American men. Most of these women had spent their …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… “sneak” underscores the duplicity of Japanese actions and portrays the Americans as victims of Japanese … Japanese aggression. In July, the Japanese then moved south into French Indochina. America and Britain responded … make Japan independent for its energy needs. But an attack south towards the East Indies required securing the sea …
Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… comes from the fact that never before have both the popular and electoral votes been close in the same election. When … Ohio, California and most of the states in the West and South had already formed majorities for one or the other … quarters of the states. Montana, Wyoming, Rhode Island, South Dakota and Alaska are unlikely to line up to give up …
Pancho Villa and followers.

Mexico’s Great Transition

… (PRI), which has ruled Mexico with authoritarian high-handedness for seven decades. The transition of power to the … out of Iraq, North Korea, Burma, China and the continent of Africa too often attests. Elsewhere, legitimately elected … in Mexico's history, not simply for what it means for our southern neighbor but for its echoes of a similar moment in …
Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… violence that had wracked the six counties of Northern Ireland since the preceding August. From modest beginnings, the … political and military influence in both the north and the south declined in the following decades. In Northern … that the IRA’s leadership, many of whom were from the south and based in Dublin, completely misread the political …
Sébastien Slodtz's statue of Hannibal Barca.

On the Verge of War, Look Before You Leap

… People understandably clamor for some response to the events of September … of four vessels to confront the Barbary states of north Africa. Jefferson calculated that this approach would be … excluding slavery from the new territories, while southerners overwhelmingly favored leaving the matter to the …
A map of the US night sky, showing points of population density

Fault Lines: The Urban-Rural Divide in America

… Today, urban and rural areas seem more distant than ever. Pitted against … as like car manufacturers moved to places like Kentucky and South Carolina and Oklahoma. And if I haven't done like a … European immigrants of one kind, and another, and then African Americans second. So the system of boundary drawing …
Diocletian's Camp in Palmyra

Understanding the Middle East

… much publicized lecture — “It Takes a Historian to Understand the Middle East…Doesn’t It?” —  Jane Hathaway  of Ohio … of Islam. And today the Shiites are concentrated in Iran, southern Iraq, and southern Lebanon. But there are … the Middle East, and actually, including Balkans and North Africa. I just read a survey and every three out of four …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… as measures to strengthen voting rights, equal opportunity, and the safety of persons and their rights of expression. … the overthrow of the Reconstruction governments in the South, reaction led to white-supremacy campaigns at the … black vote and made Jim Crow segregation universal in the South. Nor was it uncommon in the North. And each descent …
Castilian ambassadors attempt to ally themselves with Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada.

The Iberian Realm of Islam

Review of Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain, by Brian A. Catlos (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
… is very much in the news today: strife between Taliban and authorities in Afghanistan; the horrors of the Saudi … advantage of the great material wealth of their squabbling southern neighbors. Iberian disarray led to the emergence of … opposition, brought in their own new factions from northern Africa, some less open to dhimma protections than previous …
William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could have doomed the Globe forever. … and during spring 1599, reassembled the playhouse in Southwark. This new building was christened the Globe … before being paved over again (now under Anchor Terrace on Southwark Bridge Road). This discovery of the dimensions and
Eight women in US politics

Women in American Politics

… As we near the centennial of the 19 th Amendment—and with the possibility of America’s first female president … do think there's a larger historical precedent, though, for African American males receiving rights before females, … over the 14th and 15th Amendments, which enfranchised African American men, but not women, and how reformers, you …