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A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… concern about the war’s impact on global agricultural commodity markets: the disruption to Ukrainian agricultural … and to the food security of developing countries.   While one would expect an organization such as the FAO to be … currently cultivated, an area larger than Italy, making it one of the most highly cultivated countries in the world. It …
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… Ebbets Field. He also embarked on a painful odyssey that pioneered the modern civil rights movement, and he gave major … jeopardize the process of integration. He was, by nature, a combative individual, so he had to struggle to restrain … he received death threats and endured racial slurs, and in one of the lowest moments in baseball history the …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the … fame and philandering was rather apolitical, but he positioned himself on the left with the Spanish Republic during … as the intellectual superior of the two, but also as someone who is confoundedly naïve about the horrific excesses of …
Satchel Paige with bat boys in the dugout watching a game in Los Angeles, ca. 1943.

Satchel Paige: The First Negro League Player Inducted into the Hall of Fame

… baseball.  Then, he went where no white Hall of Famer had gone before. He pleaded, “I hope that someday, the names of … too frequently heard, “if only you were white,” as a compliment to their skills, but also as a reality check that … who cared that day, Williams’s words struck a chord. As one sportswriter put it, Williams “put his finger on the …
Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge, by Roxanne L. Euben book cover.

Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge

Review of Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge, by Roxanne L. Euben (Princeton University Press, Princeton 2006)
… easily between historical periods, and languages. Her command of her own discipline, political theory, and other … a more capacious understanding of political theory than one defined in terms of a parochial mapping of Western … organizational approach makes sense, but at times leaves one to wonder how a broader attention to historical context …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
… in a workshop where the featured guest made an impassioned argument for answer C.  The collapse of the Soviet … read the newspaper on a semi-regular basis.  China is positioned much like the United States was at the turn of the last … in the Cold War — it drove decision-making within the communist bloc through the 1950s.  For Lüthi, alternative …
The West Virginia State Penitentiary electric chair, also known as "Old Sparky."

The Truth About Capital Punishment: It’s Inherently Cruel

… Supreme Court ruled that Clarence E. Hill, a Florida prisoner facing execution, had a constitutional right to … procedure — is counter-productive. It's impossible to completely humanize an execution. There's always suffering … barbiturate that's supposed to anesthetize the prisoner. The second is a neuro-muscular blocker that causes …
Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” Speech.

How Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” Speech Still Matters

… didn't move beyond their own self interest and embrace a common good. He called on Americans to unify themselves … words, "human identity is no longer defined by what one does, but by what one owns." Good leadership requires tough talk like this; it …
Russian peasants in the early 20th century.

Vladimir Putin: Not the Jefferson of Russia

… a crucial test. Power had been transferred peacefully from one president to the next after a bitter electoral campaign. … to the rules of the Constitution, all will … unite in common efforts for the common good," he proclaimed. Two … government" that would "restrain men from injuring one another" but "leave them otherwise free to regulate …
The defendants in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance of their positions in the Nazi leadership.

The Nuremberg Judgment

… in silence as the defendants filed into the dock. Everyone stood as the four main judges and their alternates … carried the judgement in a thick folder, which drew everyone’s attention. This was the day everyone had waited for … from its worst impulses—how to create a new international community based on “respect for the human person” and belief …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… The dramatic images of the descamisados , or shirtless ones, marching through the streets and hundreds of thousands … for nothing less than a total redefinition of the social compact. Peronism permeated and penetrated all aspects of … Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945. Nevertheless, allies of …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… is likely to run again. So relevant "experience" is hard to come by.This presidential season, everybody is talking about … nation's arguably favorite president, Abraham Lincoln. As a one-term backbench congressman, Lincoln had less relevant … has it, and of the two vice presidential contenders, one has none and the other has little. George W. Bush had …

Conflict Termination: How to End -- and Not to End -- Insurgencies

… over the trajectory of the on-going American military commitment in Iraq and Afghanistan has combined with … about conflict termination are outnumbered a thousand to one by works on the manner in which wars are waged and won. … of a starting point. war , n , – organized, socially sanctioned armed violence employed by opposing groups against one
100 and 10 US dollars banknotes.

Inflation — Fighting the Last War

…  They are always fighting the last war.  Generals aren’t alone.   In the wake of the debt-ceiling debacle, freshman … party favorite and a new member of the Congressional Super Committee, wrote an op-ed in which he said that “excessive … the last economic war.  And we are losing the current one as a consequence.   In order to understand this long …
US propaganda leaflet used in Afghanistan, with bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri.

Fighting a Cold War Against Osama bin Laden

… During the early years of the Cold War, Dean Acheson, one of the architects of American foreign policy, concluded … today as American leaders assess Osama bin Laden’s latest communication. Bin Laden’s audio-taped message offered both … we can assume that his capabilities and his intentions are one and the same. If he’s capable of mounting an attack, he …
Cover of Wounded Knee Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre by Heather Cox Richardson

Where Our Hearts Are Still Buried

Review of Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, by Heather Cox Richardson (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… fall of 1890, administration of the Pine Ridge Reservation, one of six Sioux Reservations in South Dakota, fell to … asked Big Foot, leader of the Minneconjou Teton Sioux, to come to Pine Ridge Reservation with his followers in hopes … peace. Intercepted by the Seventh Cavalry commanded by Colonel James W. Forysth on December 28, Big Foot's band made …
Members of the Free Officers welcomed by crowds in Cairo in January 1953.

The Egyptian Middle Class Is Disgruntled. Again.

… they have attained and the jobs they have found. In one New York Times story, a protester in his 30s told a … made it impossible for them to get married. Many others complained of low pay and underemployment. While the … profile to those who are demonstrating now.  But here is one important difference: In the late 1940s many university …
“The great financier, or British economy for the years 1763, 1764, 1765.” This British cartoon depicts the American colonies as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the disconnect between the colonies and the metropole even though the colonists thought of themselves as full British subjects.

The Old Informing the New

Review of Rethinking America: From Empire to Republic, by John M. Murrin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018)
… American Revolution , and the Early American Republic. This compilation gathers together some of his important essays … developed into a stable, Protestant, constitutional one. In the final analysis, Murrin argues that the clearest … when we consider fragments as a whole. This can only be done by making connections between various historiographical …
Depiction of Isaac Newton

A “God Particle” for Isaac Newton’s Birthday

… 25, 2012, we celebrate Isaac Newton’s 370 th birthday. On one hand, the man popularly famous for getting hit on the … he stood on the shoulders of giants, so perhaps he’d welcome the gift.   Newton is famous for Principia Mathematica … to maintain their symmetry . Perhaps the best analogy is one of a Hollywood party described by the Exploratorium here …
Lady Bird Johnson in the Texas Hill Country.

The Power of the Pedestal

… cradle or poured the tea did not rule the world, and everyone knew it. But “lady,” the word, as well as idea, has … women of all classes and races know a lady when we see one. She combines a highly attuned sense of others’ needs with an …