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The federal government commissioned a series of public murals from the artists it employed: William Gropper's Construction of a Dam (1939) is characteristic of much of the art of the 1930s, with workers seen in heroic poses, laboring in unison to complete a great public project.

Guess What? The New Deal Worked!

… Since the economic crisis we’re now in is being compared to the … quite an achievement given that the Great Depression was already three years deep by the time FDR was elected.   … chairman, Michael Steele, recently parroted this accusation when he tried to explain that the government never creates …
Print of "The Epiphany of the New Antichrist" by Romeyn de Hooghe.

The Myth of the Jewish Antichrist: Falwell Stumbles Badly

The upcoming millennium is not just about computers; it’s … told an audience in Kingsport, Tenn., that the Antichrist was probably already alive and living among us: “[…]when he appears during the Tribulation period he will be a …
On August 8, 1918, 17,000 German soldiers surrendered to the Allies.

November 11, 1918: The End of World War I?

… On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, … had entered the conflict in April but the initial impact was negligible—the Army was comprised of just 120,000 men. … Peace negotiations continued until June 28, 1919, when the formal treaty was signed in the Hall of Mirrors at …
Lady Bird Johnson in the Texas Hill Country.

The Power of the Pedestal

… Claudia Alta Taylor “Lady Bird” Johnson was a lady. A great lady, as my Republican mother has said. But “Lady” is a term many of us are uneasy … start; southern women of all classes and races know a lady when we see one. She combines a highly attuned sense of …
With its rhetoric of "the 99%" (the people) against "the 1%" (the elite), the international Occupy movement is an example of a (left-wing) populist social movement.

A New Populism in the United States

… her endorsement of former Republican Patrick Buchanan for the Reform Party’s nomination for president. Fulani’s … to appear on the ballot for president in all 50 States, when she ran as an independent in 1988, received 45 percent of the vote this summer when she ran for the Reform Party’s vice-chair. If politics …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… March 3, 1857 marked the unofficial beginning of the so-called Second Opium War … origins trace back to the late eighteenth century, when Great Britain’s acute trade imbalance with China, then … its nascent industrial revolution. A British trade mission was famously rebuffed by the Qianlong emperor (r. …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… October 30, 2019, is the 45th anniversary of the so-called “Rumble in the … Mobutu Sese Seko." For broadcasting purposes, the match was held at 3:00am. The fight was a major turning point in … defeat. Frazier continued to hold the title until 1973, when he lost it in a brutal two-round, six-knockdown bout to …
Veterans Day Poster 1980.

Keeping Veterans Day Alive

… Two months ago, Jacksonville was threatened with cancellation of its 2009 Veterans Day parade after the city council cut the parade’s funding. Only a firestorm … commemorate the 11th day at the 11th hour of the 11th month when World War I supposedly ended with the stroke of a pen. …
President Woodrow Wilson with his wife, Edith, in June 1920.

Making it into the White House

Review of Fit for the Presidency? Winners, Losers, What-Ifs, and Also-Rans, by Seymour Morris Jr. (Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2017)
… Writing in the wake of the most bizarre election in modern American … the reins of the nation’s highest office. Morris shines when he relates little-known details about some of America’s … his case studies. Merely examining five actual presidents (Washington, William H. Harrison, Lincoln, Hoover, and …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… Journalist William Manchester's 1968 work, The Arms of Krupp , has long defined legacy the Krupp family … his family fortune, been stripped of all his rights and was removed from the list of merchants in Essen. 2 He died … change at moments of maximum advantage. For instance, when Krupp adopted the Bessemer Steel production process …

Colonizing Mars: Practicing Other Worlds on Earth

… On September 29, 2017, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk took the stage at the 68th International Astronautical Congress … by 2022 . Concept art for a SpaceX spacecraft on Mars. This was not the first time the technology entrepreneur had made … A. Cernan on the moon in 1972 ( left ). Mars in 2003, when it was only 34,647,420 miles from Earth—the closest the
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… In late December 1979—thirty-five years ago this month—the Soviet army entered Afghanistan to stabilize the … apartment buildings built beginning in the 1960s (when the Soviet Union began investing heavily in … and “at the same time the mold in which that society was to be cast.” The Soviet modernist architect Anatole Kopp …
Members of the Free Officers welcomed by crowds in Cairo in January 1953.

The Egyptian Middle Class Is Disgruntled. Again.

… During the current popular uprising in Egypt, foreign … but after graduating the only job that he could get was delivering newspapers. Other young men said that their … boon for the effendia because it would require a large bureaucracy and create many new jobs for university …
man with a gun in a holster

Top Ten Origins: Gun Regulation

… This month marks the first anniversary of the Parkland shooting, when a gunman killed 17 students and staff members at a high … of an individual’s right to possess firearms, the Amendment was rarely mentioned before the early 20 th  century. 3. The
Cover of Wounded Knee Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre by Heather Cox Richardson

Where Our Hearts Are Still Buried

Review of Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, by Heather Cox Richardson (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… In the fall of 1890, administration of the Pine Ridge … Americans from the sufferings imposed by the whites— that was spreading with fervor among the Sioux bands would incite … famed leader of the Battle of Little Bighorn, was killed when agency police attempted his arrest. Sioux bands feared …
John Kerry addressing reporters in 2015.

What’s a Convention For, Any More?

… few weeks ago, John Kerry considered delaying acceptance of the presidential nomination until after the Democratic … exist for restoring excitement to the convention. One idea was to have Kerry allow the delegates to this year’s … of the country. The last open convention occurred in 1956, when Democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson, …
Coach Bob Knight holding a chair

Bob Knight: A Latter-Day MacArthur?

… University's men's basketball coach Bob Knight, nicknamed "The General," for defying university officials and for … a "zero tolerance" policy against his angry rages. Brand was criticized for his rash act against a national … Their leadership style led them to defy higher authorities. When those above them in authority risked public criticism …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… Walking through the streets of the small town of Wittenberg, Germany, in … of the sale of indulgences, circa 1530 ( right ). Luther was already a prolific and incisive theologian whose star … turnover and instability in large swaths of Europe.  When Luther posted his theses in 1517, Wittenberg was part …
Unification council of Orthodox Church in Ukraine, 2018.

The Religious Roots of the War in Ukraine

… Three days after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Patriarch Kirill of the … Chronicle tells how, in 988, Grand Prince Volodymyr of Kyiv was baptized by the Greeks at Chersonesus in Crimea before … in these two areas. This divergence was solidified in 1448, when the Muscovite church rejected the 1439 decision of the
Dmitri Karakozov before his execution, graphite drawing by Ilya Repin in 1866

Crime and Punishment 150 Years Later

… his novel Crime and Punishment in installments in the Moscow journal The Russian Herald. Cover of Russkii … Russian Herald ), the journal where "Crime and Punishment" was serialized in 1866. The novel appeared monthly over the … violent methods were clearly on display on April 4, 1866, when a young student named Dmitri Karakozov took a shot at …
Labor Secretary Elaine Chao in 2005.

Written With the Blood of Miners

… safety legislation has now been passed by both houses of the U.S. Congress and with the president’s signature will … in Kentucky (26 dead miners). The last law before that was the 1969 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, which followed … against safety regulations. To give just a few examples: when the Bush Administration took office in 2001, it killed …
Infamous photograph of German soldiers rounding up Jews for deportation in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1943.

Weathering the Storm: Wartime Lives of Ordinary People

Review of An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler, by Peter Fritzsche (New York: Basic Books, 2016)
… Europe Under Hitler , historian Peter Fritzsche examines the civilian response to the Second World War and what he finds is troubling. The war, after all, was not only a struggle between nations, but also an assault … themselves as individuals caught up in the National Socialist storm. He is interested in those who suffered and …
2011 protest in New Jersey by Garden State Equality in support of same-sex marriage and against deportation of LGBT spouses.

Voting Away Others’ Rights

The recent decision of California voters to take away the … to married couples.   Marriage in this country (as it was even in Puritan New England) is a civil contract. Thus, … for example, Iran’s death penalty against homosexual sex.   When supporters of defining marriage as between one man and …