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… March 3, 1857 marked the unofficial beginning of the so-called Second Opium War … origins trace back to the late eighteenth century, when Great Britain’s acute trade imbalance with China, then … its nascent industrial revolution. A British trade mission was famously rebuffed by the Qianlong emperor (r. …

… "The legislature declares that the intent of this act is to … lawyers to press for school desegregation, which the NAACP was also seeking in a case that it had brought before the … immigration status-verification system to be employed whenever practicable by every law enforcement officer who, …

… October 30, 2019, is the 45th anniversary of the so-called “Rumble in the … Mobutu Sese Seko." For broadcasting purposes, the match was held at 3:00am. The fight was a major turning point in … defeat. Frazier continued to hold the title until 1973, when he lost it in a brutal two-round, six-knockdown bout to …

… Writing in the wake of the most bizarre election in modern American … the reins of the nation’s highest office. Morris shines when he relates little-known details about some of America’s … his case studies. Merely examining five actual presidents (Washington, William H. Harrison, Lincoln, Hoover, and …

… Two months ago, Jacksonville was threatened with cancellation of its 2009 Veterans Day parade after the city council cut the parade’s funding. Only a firestorm … commemorate the 11th day at the 11th hour of the 11th month when World War I supposedly ended with the stroke of a pen. …

… Journalist William Manchester's 1968 work, The Arms of Krupp , has long defined legacy the Krupp family … his family fortune, been stripped of all his rights and was removed from the list of merchants in Essen. 2 He died … change at moments of maximum advantage. For instance, when Krupp adopted the Bessemer Steel production process …

… On September 29, 2017, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk took the stage at the 68th International Astronautical Congress … by 2022 . Concept art for a SpaceX spacecraft on Mars. This was not the first time the technology entrepreneur had made … A. Cernan on the moon in 1972 ( left ). Mars in 2003, when it was only 34,647,420 miles from Earth—the closest the …

… In late December 1979—thirty-five years ago this month—the Soviet army entered Afghanistan to stabilize the … apartment buildings built beginning in the 1960s (when the Soviet Union began investing heavily in … and “at the same time the mold in which that society was to be cast.” The Soviet modernist architect Anatole Kopp …

… During the current popular uprising in Egypt, foreign … but after graduating the only job that he could get was delivering newspapers. Other young men said that their … boon for the effendia because it would require a large bureaucracy and create many new jobs for university …

… This month marks the first anniversary of the Parkland shooting, when a gunman killed 17 students and staff members at a high … of an individual’s right to possess firearms, the Amendment was rarely mentioned before the early 20 th  century. 3. The …

… In the fall of 1890, administration of the Pine Ridge … Americans from the sufferings imposed by the whites— that was spreading with fervor among the Sioux bands would incite … famed leader of the Battle of Little Bighorn, was killed when agency police attempted his arrest. Sioux bands feared …

… University's men's basketball coach Bob Knight, nicknamed "The General," for defying university officials and for … a "zero tolerance" policy against his angry rages. Brand was criticized for his rash act against a national … Their leadership style led them to defy higher authorities. When those above them in authority risked public criticism …

… few weeks ago, John Kerry considered delaying acceptance of the presidential nomination until after the Democratic … exist for restoring excitement to the convention. One idea was to have Kerry allow the delegates to this year’s … of the country. The last open convention occurred in 1956, when Democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson, …

… Walking through the streets of the small town of Wittenberg, Germany, in … of the sale of indulgences, circa 1530 ( right ). Luther was already a prolific and incisive theologian whose star … turnover and instability in large swaths of Europe.  When Luther posted his theses in 1517, Wittenberg was part …

… Three days after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Patriarch Kirill of the … Chronicle tells how, in 988, Grand Prince Volodymyr of Kyiv was baptized by the Greeks at Chersonesus in Crimea before … in these two areas. This divergence was solidified in 1448, when the Muscovite church rejected the 1439 decision of the …

… safety legislation has now been passed by both houses of the U.S. Congress and with the president’s signature will … in Kentucky (26 dead miners). The last law before that was the 1969 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, which followed … against safety regulations. To give just a few examples: when the Bush Administration took office in 2001, it killed …

… Europe Under Hitler , historian Peter Fritzsche examines the civilian response to the Second World War and what he finds is troubling. The war, after all, was not only a struggle between nations, but also an assault … themselves as individuals caught up in the National Socialist storm. He is interested in those who suffered and …

… There’s bad news and worse news about American politics. The … pockets with cash, land or corporate stock. Such bribery was widespread in the late nineteenth century. More … the last serious accusation of bribery had occurred in 1980 when the FBI’s Abscam sting operation implicated seven …

… The recent decision of California voters to take away the … to married couples.   Marriage in this country (as it was even in Puritan New England) is a civil contract. Thus, … for example, Iran’s death penalty against homosexual sex.   When supporters of defining marriage as between one man and …

… Since Chinese President Jiang Zemin’s arrival in the United States on Oct. 26 he has been dogged by … history of United States-Tibet and Sino-Tibetan relations. When the Chinese Communist Party emerged victorious from … into exile.  From the early 1950s until 1971, this revolt was aided by the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency, which …

… court case exposing decades of sterilization abuse in the name of eugenics. Eugenics boards in 33 states oversaw … all were classified as “feebleminded” and the procedure was often performed against their will or with coerced … and Feebleminded , where her foster family abandoned her when she became pregnant as a result of rape. For Buck’s …

… Though Eurasia is the world's largest unified landmass, Eurasian history has … attract the attention of regional powers on the periphery. When the regional powers expand inward, they disrupt the … into four regional empire periods. The first period begins when the Chinese and the Romans each invaded the prosperous …