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Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. 

Guernica and the Horrors of Modern War

… Guernica was not the first strategically insignificant, non-combatant town ever to be targeted for aerial bombardment, … when the Second World War broke out and finally made its way to Spain only in 1981, following Franco’s death and the … of war itself, and of the atrocities that continue to be visited upon civilian populations in the form of aerial …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… been lifted, and negotiations for a new constitution had commenced. While political violence between the ANC and … on deliriousness. Mandela’s inaugural speech did not shy away from acknowledging the realities of apartheid and the … only 10%. Historically, the ANC operated with a “willing buyer, willing seller” model, but tight funding meant that …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… across the United States owned their reservation lands as a community: families could settle, plant their crops, and own … many Americans may have believed they were acting in the best interest of Native peoples, allotment was merely the … cultures, communities, and political sovereignty. In many ways, these efforts were successful. Boarding schools and …
Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… two women previously held the office of acting governor for a short time—gubernatorial assistant Caroline B. Shelton … William B. Ross died while governor in October 1924 from complications following an emergency appendectomy. The … and tenure as governor. Therefore, each woman provided a way for those who were in power because of their husbands to …
The Trials of Laura Fair by Carole Haber Book Cover.

A Woman Scorned?

Review of The Trials of Laura Fair: Sex, Murder, and Insanity in the Victorian West, by Carole Haber (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2013)
… a narrative worthy of the hype. Even if she had not committed and been tried for murder, Laura Fair would have been a colorful subject … for the defense and prosecution portrayed her in different ways to try to convince the jury of her guilt or innocence. …
Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz Book Cover

Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy

Review of Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007)
… at the end of World War I. With the Kaiser gone,a whole new form of political life was created nearly from scratch; … Weitz helps the reader understand how and why the fragile, complex, and tense culture of Weimar Germany motivated these … vastly different connotations is one of the most glaring ways that Weitz apparently chooses to see the cultural …

Aerial Torpedoes, Buzz Bombs, and Predators: The Long Cultural History of Drones

… us from the ravages of modern warfare, or if they will become the appliances of Orwellian control. What is remarkable … City by drones, “suffocating the people, getting into subways, penetrating basements and lower floors of houses from … “crow,” “June bug,” “crossbow,” and “Hellhound.” The best known appellation, “buzz bomb,” has since been applied …
Diocletian's Camp in Palmyra

Understanding the Middle East

… to Understand the Middle East…Doesn’t It?” —  Jane Hathaway  of Ohio State's History Department offered a challenge … and policymakers who seem unable to offer sound strategies for the Mideast. In this episode, hosts Leticia Wiggins and … Baltacioglu-Brammer , Patrick Scharfe ,  and  Jane Hathaway  — to lay out what you really need to know to understand …
The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters (New York City).

The U.N. may be dysfunctional, but it’s the kind of dysfunction that its founders intended

… capacity, has been an enemy of the global disarmament lobby for years.  That the Kim Jong-il regime could be placed in … would serve merely as an explicit reminder of the U.N.'s incompetence.   An examination of the situation with an eye to … that the international organization is working exactly the way its founders intended.  They anticipated that some parts …
2009 Tour de France winner, Alberto Contador, wearing the yellow jersey on June 26, 2009.

The Tour de France and the Yellow Jersey

… streets in villages and towns throughout France. The Tour bestows the yellow jersey after each day of racing to the … cyclists might wear the yellow jersey during the three-week competition, only one will ultimately win it. Cover of the … and its neighbors to reach audiences thousands of miles away. No longer exclusively covered by L’Auto , broadcasters …
students wearing masks sitting at desks in a classroom writing

Pandemic Pedagogies (Classroom Activities)

An Interdisciplinary Model for Teaching about the Human Impacts of Pandemics
Grade Level
4-8
6
7
8
9-12
9
10
11
12
Teaching Area
World History to 1500
World History since 1500
US History to 1877
US History since 1877
The coat of arms of the Republic of Texas from the 19th century.

The Real Republic of Texas

… cougars, and rattlesnakes. If he hasn’t been rescued by his compatriots, the Texas Department of Public Safety and the … Texas Rangers will have no trouble locating him. Just look for the circle of buzzards. Actually, his reading of … of Congress. Since the Constitution provides no correct way to annex territory, this method seems as valid as the …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … a lot since then, but their arguments astutely canvass how best to serve democracy worldwide. Considering the pros and … that the United States might do about a situation so far away. Americans, one member said, should have nothing to do …
Family members of U.S. Army Master Sgt. Woodrow Wilson Keeble attending his Medal of Honor ceremony.

Honoring Native American Veterans This Veterans Day

… one of the original Navajo "code talkers," also passed away. While Navajo are the best known, 15 other Indian tribes were also involved in the … U.S. general killed in World War II, are not names that come to mind for most people.   That's because this is not …
Seal of New York State.

George W. Bush and Indian Land Claims

… so doing he has tilted against the Constitution.  During a visit to Syracuse, N.Y., late in October, Bush claimed that “state law reigns supreme when it comes to Indians, whether it be gambling or any other … pay for its past misdeeds.  Settlement talks are now underway between federal, state and tribal officials to resolve …
Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… Because of its indeterminacy?  No. Its singular distinction comes from the fact that never before have both the popular and electoral votes been close in … the U.S. Constitution. Previous criticism of our peculiar way of electing a president through 50 separate contests has …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… D.C. After a hectic first four months in office, he looked forward to taking the train to the New Jersey seashore. … for a well-earned vacation. As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man …
Russian peasants in the early 20th century.

Vladimir Putin: Not the Jefferson of Russia

… to the rules of the Constitution, all will … unite in common efforts for the common good," he proclaimed. Two centuries … to the democratic process. The "transfer of power is always a test of the constitutional system, a test of its … History News Service …
Scene in Ukraine

Ukraine, In a Nutshell

Review of The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know, by Serhy Yekelchyk (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
… Saint (~ 988) to the present, and it would require dozen visits to Ukraine to understand the land and its people. … the reader.   The reviewer’s photos during the peaceful component of the pro-democracy EuroMaidan protests.  … Ukrainian crisis. Conflict, whether on land or sea, is always dynamic and as such, maps are vital in discussing the …
alienation in the society

3/28/14: On Alienation and Consumption, Then & Now

… that I cannot bring myself to see it as a satisfying way of life. The outlets for genuine creativity are increasingly circumscribed."  Check out these two articles side-by-side for an interesting outlook on creativity's relationship with …
Bruce Lee

The Original Street Fighting Man

Review of Striking Distance: Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America, by Charles Russo Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2016)
… iconoclastic martial artist who sought to radically reform the way martial arts, especially kung fu, were taught and … after Lee challenged anyone who doubted his word to come to his studio in Oakland. Russo makes his case by …
Rep Joe WIlson fan club with a poster that reads, "You lie!"

Brooks to Thurmond to Wilson

… President Obama, South Carolinians doubtless recognized it for what it was: the latest in a long, distinguished history … Sumner collapsed unconscious, but Brooks kept flailing away.   Several other Senators tried to help their colleague … standard-bearer for South Carolina. Among his many accomplishments, Thurmond holds the record for conducting the …