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A Century of U.S. Relations with Iraq

… some five hours later. This departure of the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Cavalry Division of the U.S. … and 1979. Other revolts reportedly were attempted along the way and political and ethnic-cultural conflicts generated … on oil tankers on the Gulf. By 1988, the two states together counted more than one million casualties. President …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British … , and enforce prohibitions on public gatherings. In this way, the British Raj could take credit for bringing … event, he assassinated O’Dwyer. At his trial, he was unapologetic, “for full 21 years, I have been trying to seek …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. exiting a plane in 1964.

King in Time; King in time

Forty years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., was Time’s “Man of … than ever before. Yet Time utterly failed to capture the ways in which the times and the man had met. Time’s coverage … became his most familiar texts. “Letter” was scrabbled together by King’s lieutenants from notes he sent to them from …
A photograph of Dr. David Livingstone from 1857.

Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?: Missionaries, Journalists, Explorers, and Empire

Review of Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?: Missionaries, Journalists, Explorers, and Empire, by Clare Pettitt (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2007)
… of famous British explorers in her famous wax museum. Yet, for all of his exploits he is most remembered not for what … declaration, "Dr Livingstone, I presume". Both men, in many ways, became remembered as much for this meeting as anything … The writer Walter Benjamin once suggested that "History decomposes into images, not narratives" and Clare Pettitt …
With its rhetoric of "the 99%" (the people) against "the 1%" (the elite), the international Occupy movement is an example of a (left-wing) populist social movement.

A New Populism in the United States

… all over it.  Fulani’s and Buchanan’s willingness to work together, however, may actually create the basis for a much … Americans and white working-class Americans are likely to come out in large numbers in support of an independent … A non-ideologically driven third party could go a long way to helping resuscitate American democracy by bringing …
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (left) and nature preservationist John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, on Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park. In the background: Upper and lower Yosemite Falls.

Why Today’s Politicians Love Teddy Roosevelt

… and he wasn’t afraid to express them.  And he had a pungent way with words.   An energetic stump speaker and prolific writer, Roosevelt is still … a Milwaukee auditorium to deliver a speech. True to his combative reputation, he insisted on speaking before going …
Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, 1814

The War We Refuse to Remember

… United States —the very thing that makes it appear forgettable actually points to its greatest significance. … ignored the bicentennial of the War itself, and will not commemorate its end either, and it is worth asking why. The … the nation’s founding in 1776, which goes a long way toward explaining why Americans do not commemorate this …

Treaties and Sovereign Performances, from Westphalia to Standing Rock

… to block pipeline construction declared that the right-of-way belonged to the Great Sioux Nation under the 1851 Treaty … and the 1945 Charter of the United Nations drew together old and new understandings of sovereignty to propose … like the American Fourth of July, a time to dress up, visit friends and relatives, socialize, and feast. …
Cazy Freewill Baptist Church in West Virginia, USA.

Faith-Based Groups Should Be Careful What Whey Wish For

… to divert money currently spent on such activities any way they want. In effect, tax dollars would be supporting … religion. Past leaders understood what we sometimes forget: when religious groups depend upon the state, they … from religious life, because government money always comes with strings attached. Understanding that, in the late …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… oceans. As the sub-title suggests, this book is first and foremost a human history. While environmental factors like … are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … this is a remarkably detailed and readable account of the ways in which oceans have shaped human settlement, …
Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs book cover.

Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe

Review of Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006)
… lodges, and the radicalization of the 1790s, designed for the interested, though not scholarly reader. According … Avignon was a popular spot for tourists to stop on their way through Europe, which Jacob indicates may have … Republicans. This allows her to easily skim over the often complicated inter-relations between politics, science, and …
Exiles carry a poster against the communist government of Cuba, in a demonstration in Miami

Cuba in Focus–Again

… the exiles and the U.S. government joined in a powerful common cause to dump Castro, who, in the peak Cold War … badly. Outstanding among the CIA's many futile efforts to get rid of Castro was a disastrous invasion effort at the … although Americans still need U.S. government permission to visit Cuba legally, many go illegally through third …
Bust of Senator Robert La Follette in the Wisconsin State Capitol.

When Principle May Be the Best Policy

… whose long-faithful Connecticut constituents rejected him for his support of the pro-war policies of President Bush. … the Democratic Party may self-destruct during the coming elections because it’s becoming softer on the war. … is today. Feinstein’s change of heart may well ease her way to keeping her Senate seat come re-election time this …
The donkey party logo remains a well-known symbol for the Democratic Party despite not being the official logo of the party.

Democrats — the Party of Disorder, and Achievement

… less funny than Rogers — to describe the dilemma of the incoming Democratic majorities in both Congressional houses. … and the Democrats who controlled those congresses were always messy, unwieldy coalitions. As President, Franklin … assortment of Democratic politicians managed to work together enough to create the New Deal, including the Social …
Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet Ukraine in a Nutshell

… of violence and instability until 1922. Multiple communities of former tsarist imperial subjects imagined the future in radically different ways. Progressive Ukrainians wanted an independent Ukraine, … Former Soviet Union …
Illustration of global public health by Giovanni Maki, 2004.

The WHO and International Public Health

… epidemiological data on infectious diseases, and offer recommendations on sanitation. The OIPH would later become a … Geneva in 1948, it established priorities for the WHO: targeting malaria,  tuberculosis , and venereal diseases, as … willfully ignored, forced the WHO to pivot back to its old ways of focusing on biomedical interventions targeting …
The almshouse at Woburn, Bedfordshire, England

Top Ten Origins: Housing the Poor

… the Fuggerei consisted of 52 separate homes, which together could house hundreds of residents. And unlike an … the Atlantic. In Germany, the industrial era prompted new ways of thinking about housing the poor, embodied in the … of Homeowners: Ciudad Kennedy President John F. Kennedy visits El Techo housing project, Bogotá, Colombia, 1961 On …
Cover of A Strange Stirring The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s by Stephanie Coontz.

A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s

Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s, by Stephanie Coontz (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… group of white, educated, middle-class women were overcome with a sense of gratitude. Friedan had explained their … been fascinated with Friedan's life and her, often uncomfortable, involvement in the rebirth of feminist activism in … to educated white women, but not all of it. In this way, the reader is much more prepared for the unfolding of …