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Pieter Bruegel the Elder's 1562 painting "The Triumph of Death" depicts the turmoil Europe experienced as a result of the plague.

The Black Death and its Aftermath

… came into Mediterranean ports by ship. But, it is also becoming clear that small pools of plague had been established … rural and urban: the daughter of King Edward III of England died of the plague in the summer of 1348. But quickly—at … survived the plague, her children tended to survive; if she died, they died with her. In the late 1340s, news of the …
Black Panther

Searching for Wakanda: The African Roots of the Black Panther Story

… was elaborated in the next issue (#53, August 1966). Marvel Comics’ dynamic duo Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created the … , who has penned the storylines for the Black Panther comic since 2016, has also pointed to Ethiopia , a country … ). But to locate Lee and Kirby’s original idea in 1966, the comics provide better clues. T’challa explains his own …
A COVID-19 anti-lockdown protestor in Vancouver, Canada, May 2020

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the spread of the coronavirus … of political and scientific elites and institutional bodies—among them Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, CDC director … effectively remobilized them against current and future public health measures. “Plandemic” and other …
Cover of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York’s Destruction by Max Page.

The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction

Review of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction, by Max Page (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … of weapons of mass destruction and man's inability to communicate result in the end of the city?  Invasion, U.S.A. … the survivors need to learn?  What messages are we, the audience, meant to take away?  While Page does delve into some …
FDR and Churchill at the Atlantic Conference in 1941.

A New Atlantic Charter?

… Charter helped to win World War II and, later, to defeat communism. But that unique alliance is in trouble now … in broad terms their joint humanitarian, strategic and commercial goals.  The agreement signaled an end to American … Monetary Fund.   Today, the United States and Britain compete economically and have different interests. In …
2006 map of North Korea and South Korea.

Applying the Antarctic Solution to the Korean Nuclear Impasse

… prohibits all military activity? The unlikely source of common ground lies in the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. This … prize for the United States — and a preview of things to come. By the 1990s, aerial inspection would become a … Korean side are nearly 700,000 troops and 37,000 U.S. soldiers. North Korea also possesses a growing missile …
The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle Book Cover

The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean

Review of The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle (St. Martin's Press '07, $25.95, 292 pages, ISBN #0-312-36142-4; index, source notes, bibliography, unillustrated)
… most valuable colonial possessions in an era of uncertain communications and increased European competition. It also … trade routes to protect and only a handful of trained soldiers, ships, and funds to protect them with, even the most … privateering commissions of their own. The Council of the Indies authorized the first official Spanish fleet in the …

WikiLeaks, and the Past and Present of American Foreign Relations

… European, and Persian architectural styles, the complex embodied purposefully Egypt's place at the crossroads of the … officials promised not to punish him personally for future terrorist acts and recognized his domestic enemies as … was known of the man beyond the fact that he had visited a website associated with radical Islam—but his name was …
The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman Book Cover

The Jamestown Project

Review of The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007)
… Historians have come to love the milestone anniversaries of significant … underway proposing settlements in Ireland, the West Indies, Guiana, Newfoundland, and New England. Jamestown was … well crafted narrative that should appeal to many audiences with tales of adventure, piracy, warfare, struggle, …
This postcard depicts a recreation of the Arbella, the ship that carried John Winthrop and his fellow Puritans to present-day Massachusetts.

From Forgotten Phrase to American Myth

Review of As a City on a Hill: The Story of America’s Most Famous Lay Sermon , by Daniel T. Rodgers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… world of Reformation England . It doesn’t really envision a future utopian experiment across the Atlantic. Further, … seemed to me, foreshadows what the United States would become more than the Puritan outpost of Boston. After all, … Winthrop Fleet, which was funded by the  Massachusetts  Bay Company, came ashore in 1630. Ditto across the 19th century, …
Photo of A. Mitchell Palmer, a congressman from Pennsylvania who later became the U.S. Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson.

Cracking Down on Dissent

… to keep close tabs on them. Spying on dissidents has become official policy since police departments were advised … I. Other “scares” followed. From 1938 to 1945 Rep. Martin Dies of Texas, no defender of civil liberties, chaired the House Un-American Activities Committee and pursued domestic “enemies.” With the onset of …
the U.S. Constitution, COM Library, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Why Getting Rid of the Filibuster Is Still a Good Idea

… anti-democratic, inefficient, and a symbol of legislative incompetence. Liberals in the earlier post-World War II period … that civil rights organizations in the 1950s placed committee and filibuster reform at the top of their …
2013 St. Patrick's Day parade in Wappingers Falls, New York.

The Wearing of the Rainbow

… place in colonial New York City (by regiments of Irish soldiers in the British Army). But it was in the mid-19th … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we've come. It's in this sense that the St. Patrick's Day parade … experience in America. From the very beginning it has embodied the spirit of tolerance and inclusion that has helped …
artwork entitled Can You Pass the Acid Test

The Acid Tests

… The Grateful Dead. Acid, also known as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a powerful hallucinogen that elicits a … supply of synthetic Psilocybin (the active psychedelic ingredient in “magic mushrooms”) from Sandoz pharmacy. In the … author Tom Wolfe brought the Acid Tests to a much wider audience with the publication of his book The Electric …
India and Pakistan highlighted on a map.

“Open Skies” for India and Pakistan?

… This type of cooperation would set the groundwork for future disarmament agreements. Increased cooperation was … bin Laden himself, are in that area. For the international community to finish off al-Qaida, uninterrupted cooperation …
A map of northern Ireland

Ending the War in Northern Ireland

… is over. There will be celebrations, and peace will be welcomed by the ordinary people of Ulster. But as the great … poet William Butler Yeats once observed, sometimes “peace comes dropping slow.” History stands like a ghost at the … Ireland’s underground armies revolve around who has purest commitment to the cause, and Gerry Adams and Martin …
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… surface of this dispute is a fundamental clash between the competing claims of national sovereignty and universal human … Throughout the 1990s, the basic distinction between soldiers and civilians all but disappeared in places such as … from $114 million to $57 million. After the end of the bloodiest century in human history, the “international …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … body for two and half months. Surrounded by his family, he died on September 19, 1881, plunging the entire nation into … ballot, Congressman and Senator-Elect Garfield emerged as a compromise candidate, ultimately winning the nomination on …
Ukrainian refugees board a train in Lviv, February 2022.

West Ukraine’s War Stories: A New Chapter?

… this region has also been central to Ukraine’s complex journey to define itself. In the Soviet era and in … build a national movement with those they viewed as their compatriots living in imperial Russia , rich and often … of life in the rapidly changing Russian empire.  Even a common religious foundation eluded these groups, with …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … checkbook where failure to limit household spending to income courted disaster. This analogy ignored the reality that … The repeated defeats of balanced budget amendments should come as no surprise. The Framers deliberately made amendment …
David Ben-Gurion proclaiming Israel's independence beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl.

Zionist Idea of Security Blocks Path to Peace

… Pinsker, set the pattern in 1881. Anti-Semitism “can never die,” he maintained. Wherever Jews live among foreigners, … as a permanent fact of life. The Zionists aimed to overcome that psychological infirmity by making the Jews a … Holocaust theologian Emil Fackenheim once told an audience that Israel might be destroyed by its enemies. Still, …