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Computers utilized by U.S. Navy personnel in 1998.

What the Internet Will Bring Us

… ultimate solution to problems of (pick one, or pick many) communication, commerce, travel, learning, teaching, thinking? Much of the … of Defense created in 1969, the transcontinental railroad (completed exactly a hundred years earlier) brought …
Grover Cleveland, painted by Anders Zorn in 1899

The Politics of Civility

… recede. In their place emerged a fierce brand of political combat that regarded private life as a legitimate field of … of their leaders, but instead as easily manipulable commodities whose penchant for irrational judgment required …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… crimes." 1 Partially as a result, the name Krupp has become synonymous with war profiteering, armaments and the … its legacy. Where Manchester's work heavily emphasizes the company's arms sales, James presents a more balanced account … and was removed from the list of merchants in Essen. 2 He died impoverished two years later. It was his son, Alfried …
'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe Book Cover.

Mr. Bush Meet Mr. Jackson

Review of 'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press, 2007)
… Daniel Walker Howe wrought? The answer is a sweeping and commanding synthesis of the political and economic history … the bases. It is also in the nature of such big overview studies that they often devolve, text-book like, into tedious … Whigs, the Whigs would win the larger contest: "America's future lay predominately with the Whig vision of economic …
Top view of engineer at desk with laptop, hardhat, and blueprints

Origins interviews the American Society of Civil Engineers

… Tom Smith   Sure. And by the way, the next report card will come out in 2017. What we do is we look at 16 categories of … you know, just how bad some of our infrastructure has become? Tom Smith   Well, you know, in general, I'll just … card. We really need to increase our leadership when it comes to infrastructure renewal. We need to also focus on …
McCain formally announces his candidacy for president in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 2007.

Why McCain and His Running Mate Demand Special Scrutiny

… had better think again. Of the eight presidents who have died in office, four were killed by assassins. Youth and a … mates of even young and vigorous presidents should be completely qualified to take over all presidential duties in … then World War II — that it's hard to believe that when he died in office of a cerebral hemorrhage he was only 63.   …
Glass negative of Woodrow Wilson from the Library of Congress.

Television Biography: History Lite

… beautifully produced. Vivid photographs and footage were combined with informative and entertaining commentary by leading scholars. Unfortunately, the final … It creates false expectations concerning current and future leaders. Just as in Wilson's day, major figures …
Lockheed u 2c aircraft Image from Public domain images website

Brandishing Nukes–A Self-Defeating Policy

… translated into action. In the 1950s, President Eisenhower committed the U.S. government to a first-strike nuclear … preventive nuclear attack are launched, the words can cause future damage that far outweighs anything gained by a policy … “shock and awe.” Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

Cops and Robbers? The Roots of Anti-Doping Policies in Olympic Sport

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … about what effects the substances might have on athletes’ bodies. Certainly there were those who disagreed, and at times … amateur sport and the “true sportsmanlike behavior” embodied by amateur athletes , and profit-driven owners …
Artistic rendition of Space Station Freedom with the STS Orbiter Vehicle

No Cheap Ticket to Outer Space

… millions of dollars, or approximately $10,000 a pound. By comparison, sending a 180-pound history professor across the … the path not chosen of reducing launch costs will limit future development, the Bush administration’s tendency to … then doubled before presenting them to President Kennedy. Future costs of human flights to the moon and Mars will …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil rights leaders in 1963.

Giving Up on the Dream?

… to stir the nation after four decades. Yet the black community still struggles to decide whether to follow King’s … biblical approach to leadership that has allowed the black community to proudly maintain its political independence … He had already been jailed for his non-violent civil disobedience in pursuit of those goals. Today’s black leaders have …
Mount Holyoke College

Historical Truth and Personal Truths

… as much troubled by dishonesty and other human shortcomings as other occupations. When scholars make mistakes, … framers of the nation have deservedly attracted a wide audience. And that is one reason why his recent exposure, like exposures of President Clinton's ethical faults, has become a litmus test of sorts for each of us: Ellis's acts, …
A teacher and her students in an elementary school classroom.

When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right

… California has something to offer the nation as it comes to terms with last month’s Supreme Court ruling … Even more important, they provided easy ways to file complaints and measure compliance. Achieving such a sweeping improvement in … When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right …
Two Nord Stream pipes are welded together on the Castoro Sei pipelaying vessel in preparation for laying them beneath the Baltic Sea, 2011.

The Environmental Threat of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline

… superpower status. Its narrowing, unstable economy has become dependent on the export of a single commodity: energy. … around 12 km from the accident site. In this animation, diesel oil is visible in the Ambarnaya River on both May 31 … identifiable in crimson red. Just recently, 20,000 tons of diesel fuel leaked from the Norilsk thermal power plant into …
Admiral William D. Leahy in 1944.

Hiroshima: Military Voices of Dissent

… the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught … and children."  President Dwight Eisenhower, the Allied commander in Europe during World War II, recalled in 1963, … about a White House decision to the question of what soldiers in the Pacific believed, when the relevant historical …
The coat of arms of the Republic of Texas from the 19th century.

The Real Republic of Texas

… “Republic of Texas” pipe dream and has chosen to risk his future among the javelinas, cougars, and rattlesnakes. If he hasn’t been rescued by his compatriots, the Texas Department of Public Safety and the … Maribeau B. Lamar, decided to make Texas the seat of future empire.  Under his leadership, the republic tried to …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… to which men will go to take it away from them, and to the complicated politics of one’s immortal soul. Director Josie … religious houses, and declaring Catholicism illegal. Marie died during this revolt, leaving Mary’s illegitimate … of Mary. Elizabeth seems obsessed with her own vanity as compared to Mary but comes to learn that beauty does not …
The United States Declaration of Independence

The Writing Is Faded, the Message Lives

… document that should be preserved and protected for future generations. Few Americans know, however, how poorly … was brilliant, but the process nearly destroyed the text. Compounding the damage was the decision in 1841 to put the … to monitor the condition of the document using a $3 million computerized camera system designed by the Jet Propulsion …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … (most likely killed by the military that dropped their bodies in the shark infested ocean). Furthermore, declassified … politician can be thrown out. What this holds for the future of democracy in Latin America is unclear; as Latin …

History, Memory, and the Art of Protest in Belarus

… Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … way of comparison, approximately 1.3 million Americans have died in all wars since 1776). Belarus, the historian Timothy … opened, complete with a 100-foot stone sculpture of a soldier entitled “Courage.” In the destroyed village of Khatyn, …
General George Washington Resigning his Commission.

Diplomatic Advisers: Washington, Kennan, FDR

… on the one-dollar bill lived a long time ago. His last communication – the "Farewell Address" of 1796 – was really … Farewell Address (if we think of it at all) as an obsolete command for Americans to isolate themselves from the rest of … the United States into supporting their parochial wishes. Complying with such entreaties, Washington knew, could harm …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and … The major divide remains the issue of Tibetan independence. Compromise is essential. China must openly embrace the Dalai … the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now that Deng has died, both sides now appear determined to find a solution. …
Mikhail Bakunin speaking to members of the International Workingmen's Association at the Basel Congress in 1869.

Back When a Socialist Was a Socialist

… Kennedy!”   When Republicans singled out Barack Obama’s income-tax proposal and labeled him a socialist during the recent presidential campaign, one astute commentator saw the fallacy in that charge. Referring to … evil. In the 2008 presidential contest, the progressive income tax became that evil.   Republicans need to tell us …