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Northern Alliance Troops in Afghanistan in 2001.

Why Afghanistan Will Not Be a Quagmire

… has concluded that the Taliban regime in Afghanistan is complicit because it harbors al-Qaida. But will an American … So much for Afghan success. What about American failure?  One of the many problems the United States faced in Vietnam … Today, no nation dares risk U.S. wrath by shipping arms or money to the Taliban. Although neighboring Pakistan used to …
Hubert Robert's 1785 painting "Fire in Rome," showing the events of 64 CE.

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

… In the face of disasters we have come to expect that our governments will respond. … in the United States. Portrait of Roman Emperor Tiberius. None of these responses are new. When we reflect on the … erected statues of him. Tiberius then struck and circulated coins celebrating his rebuilding efforts, the ancient …
The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle Book Cover

The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean

Review of The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle (St. Martin's Press '07, $25.95, 292 pages, ISBN #0-312-36142-4; index, source notes, bibliography, unillustrated)
… the 1660s, which culminated in Henry Morgan's capture of one of the most vital cities in the silver trade. Earle's … most valuable colonial possessions in an era of uncertain communications and increased European competition. It also … (or less) interest in spending significant amounts of money for their defense than the Spanish did. Nothing …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … while angry bystanders apprehend Guiteau in the background. One bullet wounded him only slightly in the arm, but the … Who was this man who had shot the President? Why had he done it? As lawyers, psychologists, and reporters delved …
U.S. National Archives building

New Laws Needed to Stop Bullying of National Archives

… labor bureau positions. Nixon’s order was contained in one of several thousand documents that the former President … had marked for disclosure in 1987. The document read “everyone in BLS is Jewish look at all sensitive areas ck. Jewish … honorably may struggle with his past. Governance is complex and politics messy. Laws demand disclosure of what …
The Tower of David in the Old City of Jerusalem.

A Peace Plan That May Be Worse Than War

… In preparation for hosting an upcoming summit of Arab heads of state, Saudi Arabian Crown … Ein Gev. Some members of that collective farm never slept one night of their childhoods outside a bomb shelter. In … result of negotiation and not a list of stipulations which one side must accept or reject. Furthermore, it should …
Pamphlet of "Virginia Women Opposed to Suffrage"

Equal Suffrage Awaits Trial (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 3)

… clubs and launched multiyear protests. While sharing a common goal, these efforts were not without internal … Massachusetts, where women organized strikes and petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for better working … safety measures. However, suffragists weren't the only ones encouraged to act after 1910. Women opposed to suffrage …
Ruins of Chorrillos after the battle of January 13, 1881. Photograph by Eugene Courret. Glass Plate. National Library of Peru Collection.

The War of the Pacific and the Fate of South America

… Bolivian Atacama region, mainly led by Chilean and British companies. The mineral was used both as a fertilizer and in the manufacture of explosives, making it one of the most coveted products in international trade and … home front, they organized charitable societies to raise money and other resources, and provide support for the …
A map of northern Ireland

Ending the War in Northern Ireland

… is over. There will be celebrations, and peace will be welcomed by the ordinary people of Ulster. But as the great … slow.” History stands like a ghost at the elbow of everyone involved in the peace process; and history suggests that … in 1919-21, could not escape such attacks. As everyone who has seen the movie “Michael Collins” knows, he paid …
Downstream view of Marco Polo Bridge by Thomas Child, 1877. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)

… walled municipality of Wanping. The eponymous 11-arched stone bridge, dating from the 1180s and mentioned by Marco Polo (hence the name in English), leads into … post-1868 empire, including Korea and Taiwan . The Chinese Communist Party would be reborn and re-legitimized through …
NASA marks Earth Day’s 50th anniversary.

“Give Earth a Chance”: Earth Day and the Politics of Modern Environmentalism

… emerged as a spokesperson for a diverse global movement to combat the climate crisis following a spate of … In fact, the Sierra Club coffee table book The Place No One Knew: Glen Canyon in the Colorado , with photographs by … Donald Carr’s Death of Sweet Waters (1966), Barry Commoner’s Science and Survival (1967), William Paddock and Paul …
Poster from a 2020 pro-choice rally that says, "If my uterus had a gun, would I have more rights?"

Theater of Cruelty

… precedent, was necessary to maintain legal stability. The one difference with Roe is that the Casey case rejected the … right. However, even this discussion of pregnancy did not come close to the corporeal character of Kennedy’s language … that life and death issues transcend the limits of what reasoned discourse can represent. An audience has to be brutally …

Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising

… last chance to avert a prolonged and bloody civil war—opponents of the Ba'thi order remained deeply divided. Much of … policy to rest on the tenets of Islam) and non-Islamists (ones whose political ideology is not built on overtly … population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a …
Cover of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC by David W. Anthony and  Jennifer Y. Chi.

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

Review of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC, by David W. Anthony and Jennifer Y. Chi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. pp. 254)
… across the whole of the Old World. It also maintains a commitment to the study of the ancient world from the … their excavations and records. Among these is one of the German archaeologist Hubert Schmidt, whose … that have been undertaken on Romanian soil over the last one hundred years. Chapter three, "Houses, Households, …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… it did last year, the threat of massive power outages. Everyone who’s suffered through them knows the disruptions they … and shipping the electricity long distances — as is still done today. Westinghouse’s new system seemed clearly superior … stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, he tried playing up the dangerous aspects …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a writer for Rolling Stone brings to mind earlier, infamous clashes between … is the product of long-standing ambivalence. On the one hand, soldiering is among the most honored professions, …
Wall street and Broadway, New York City

A New Deal Prescription for Gordon Gekko

… Gekko when addressing a stockholders’ meeting in Oliver Stone’s 1987 movie, “Wall Street.” Gekko, an arrogant power … investments broadly through risky buyouts of disparate companies. Often they stuffed their pockets with cash while … public access to information about corporate activities.  One of the New Deal’s first and most important regulatory …
A U.S. military vehicle crossing the Iraq border in March 2003.

U.S. Credibility at Stake in Iraq

… that Iraq was a significant threat to the international community. Why is that? Because, the United States — from … of American firepower again dominate the nightly news, and one is left to wonder what threat the disintegrated Iraqi … that he was “trying to prevent a world war — not to start one.” As the only world leader yet to authorize the use of …
Portrait of James Madison.

The Hidden Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform

… passed by Congress will affect not only the influence of money on American politics. By weakening parties but effectively leaving interest groups alone, it will also promote the discussion of issues over party politics but make political compromise even more difficult than it is today. In 1787, …
An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… for the virus and denied the possibility of extensive community spread among the Soviet population—offers a … the USA, the notion spread that only homosexual men were prone to infection through sexual contact. Specific to the … million cases. The 1990 report was shaped by the same erroneous assumptions that guided the Soviet response to …
Cover of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui.

Forces of Good and Evil

Review of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… similar vein portraying the Confederates and their cause as one of “disunion,” influenced and directed by the devil, … likened enslavement to hell. By using this language, opponents of slavery and secession rendered the two as beyond … chapter deals with the wartime experiences of individual combatants. When confronted with the visceral nature of …
Close-up of the mural commemorating works of A.J. Muste on the War Resisters League Building in New York, New York.

"There Is No Way to Peace, Peace Is the Way": A.J. Muste and American Radical Pacifism

Review of American Gandhi: A.J. Muste and the History of Radicalism in the Twentieth Century, by Leilah Danielson (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014)
… from New York to Tanzania to Hanoi, hailed the loss of one of the brightest minds and most tireless spirits that … nonconformist left. Historian Leilah Danielson attempts to complete the work that Muste did not. It is most useful to … in the 1960's. The onset of the Vietnam War marked the capstone of Muste's global vision, and it would be somewhat of an …
Glass negative of Woodrow Wilson from the Library of Congress.

Television Biography: History Lite

… beautifully produced. Vivid photographs and footage were combined with informative and entertaining commentary by … about. But we didn't get to see enough of that Wilson, one of the most influential figures in twentieth-century … to resonate in today's partisan arguments. So why such one-dimensional coverage by "American Experience?" Too many …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… above in 1914) had struck for union recognition; the company's obedience to Colorado's 8-hour day law; the right … outside of company houses; an end to being paid in scrip (money only good at company stores); and the elimination of … Guard arrives near the camp of the striking miners.   One hundred years later, as the gap between the wealthiest …