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The culminating moment of Alice, when the pretense of power is exposed and collapses. Carroll was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the tools of logical thinking so that they would not be the victims of demagogues and ideologies.

Everyone’s Inner Child Turns 150 Years Old

… Alice in Wonderland, the little girl created by Oxford mathematician and logician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson … our own purposes as well. Zombie Alice at 2014 New York ComicCon. Cosplaying is one way people have taken ownership of Alice and remixed it into …
President Barack Obama (painting) by Kehinde Wiley.

Who Can Write Obama’s History?

… a loyal follower close at hand to record their achievements for the ages. Lincoln had Nicolay and Hay. Grant had Twain. … place in the nation’s history but has gone out of his way to downplay the legacy issue. From what we’ve seen so … himself. Which won’t be so bad. Obama’s already an accomplished memoirist. He evidently prefers to be his own …
A teacher and her students in an elementary school classroom.

When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right

… California has something to offer the nation as it comes to … safe facilities. Even more important, they provided easy ways to file complaints and measure compliance. Achieving … History News Service … When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right …
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee … socialism as a means of making Britain live up to the very best of its ideals. Though he held a lectureship in … in Churchill’s stead whenever the prime minister was away. By 1945, the Labour Party had demonstrated to a …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… 11, the Norwegians awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize to former President Jimmy Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … prize. The grounds for awarding him the Nobel Prize have always been strong. Since leaving the White House Carter has …
The United States Declaration of Independence

The Writing Is Faded, the Message Lives

… the precious, much-loved document has been in seclusion for much needed repairs. There is no reason for concern. … was brilliant, but the process nearly destroyed the text. Compounding the damage was the decision in 1841 to put the … could be done to protect the document? The only practical way to stop the deterioration was to remove it from public …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… violence and remains trapped in a frozen conflict.  Tucked away in the South Caucasus near the frontiers of Russia, … historical monuments and churches.  Sadly, it has become the center of a major feud between Armenians and … Children of Nagorno-Karabakh. At the time of this writer’s visit in 2014, life in the capital and other cities appeared …
The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi painting by Theodoros Vryzakis.

An Historic Question: Over There or Over Here?

… not to mention Israel. As President Bush poises our armed forces to take action against Iraq should that nation fail to comply with UN arms inspectors, one arresting question … today when he insisted that the United States could best help mankind “not by its crusade to establish the …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… On December 6, 1922, Ireland’s struggle for independence from the United Kingdom reached a turning … 26 of 32 Irish counties received considerable, albeit not complete, independence. The following day, however, six … Labour Party introduced the possibility of Home Rule as a way of compromising on the so-called Irish question. Home …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… of the English exchequer records describing the preparation for the campaign. With this wealth of context, Barker makes … which he handled his enemies brilliantly; she discusses the way that coronation was a "spiritual event" for the king; … unalloyed sense of justification: She announces that the outcome of the battle of Agincourt showed "God had chosen to …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… he lived in France and traveled widely through Europe. But for all his wanderlust, his most vivid memory stemmed not … among ancient peoples. But the rarity of a solar eclipse always stands out.  More than 3,000 years ago, scribes in the … total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and …
Senator Joe Lieberman

Accepting Joseph Lieberman: The Electorate Grows Up

… cause panic among many Americans. When John F. Kennedy ran for office in 1960, he had to confront anti-Catholic … "more faithful" to Israel than the United States. But these comments have drawn a negative reaction from the most blacks … sign of how things have changed since 1960 is the different ways in which Kennedy and Lieberman presented their faith to …

Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace

… Northern Ireland tackled this problem in exactly the same way that it had tackled relations with Catholics in the … he allowed Sinn Fein president Gerry Adams (below right) to visit the United States to build support and raise funds. … rather than a definitive resolution to the question of how best to govern all citizens of Northern Ireland equally and …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and unsuccessfully, for more than 20 years. Negotiations broke off in 1989. The … the auspices of the Beijing government would go a long way toward achieving the goals to which both sides aspire. …
The signing of the Magna Carta at Runnymede, as represented in a nineteenth-century engraving

The Magna Carta and Its Legacy

… (ecclesiastical censure) in England and to his own excommunication, the troubling loss of his French possessions, … power. When the rebel barons seized London, King John was forced to capitulate to their demands. Meeting on a field at … or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send …
soldiers in Iraq

Can Iraq Learn to Live in Peace?

… Previous inspections for WMD in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq failed because the Iraqis … the inspectors were too few and too weakly supported to overcome Iraqi resistance. But even if the inspections had … the dramatic turnaround of Japan in Iraq. The only way that Gulf War II will succeed in long-term disarmament …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… Union in September 1939 shocked the world and set the stage for the German invasion of France , Belgium, Luxembourg, and … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … Germany (later Nazi Germany) and the Soviet Union paved the way for both the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact and the ideological …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… European imperial powers neglected to lay the foundation for nation-states from the various cultural and territorial … and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … politicians had sought at the time of independence as a way to gain political advantage and neutralize the hegemony …
The donkey party logo remains a well-known symbol for the Democratic Party despite not being the official logo of the party.

Democrats — the Party of Disorder, and Achievement

… less funny than Rogers — to describe the dilemma of the incoming Democratic majorities in both Congressional houses. … 1932 and 1994 Congress was ruled by Democrats except for a few years in the middle’40s, early ’50s, and the … and the Democrats who controlled those congresses were always messy, unwieldy coalitions. As President, Franklin …
Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)—Article 19 states that "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

Free Speech: Still Under Threat

… After all, American society is now among the world's most complex. In a nation of such diverse origins, practices and … clashes over published ideas and images. The resulting efforts to muzzle the expression of those that offend the … unprecedented constitutional government would survive. One way to help preserve it, some people, most members of the …
American nuclear missile from the early Cold War in its original launch silo.

A Basis for Hope in the Middle East

… Union, learned to build confidence and trust. A key step for the Americans and Soviets was the 1986 Stockholm … reliant on trust rather than the sword. But for this to become a reality, there must be an accumulation of goodwill. … mass destruction. Such a long-term goal is clearly in the best interests of Iraq and other nations in the region. But …
Capture of the Pirate Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle between Blackbeard and Robert Maynard in Ocracoke Bay; romanticized depiction by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris from 1920.

Why Piracy Remains a Threat

… remains. And that possibility presents real dangers for the Obama administration. Why should the world’s … European prisoners.   Then, as now, the United States was coming out of a long and costly war (with England). Then, … to free the captives. The anti-militarism of the 1780s gave way to a more nationalistic spirit, but as a concession to …
Cover of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty by Kirsten McKenzie.

What's in a Name?

Review of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty , by Kirsten McKenzie (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2010)
… suffering a "bad case of footnote paranoia" (291).  While completing a last minute source review before sending her previous book 1 to the press, she … the work.  As it stands, the reader is left with little by way of introduction, the narrative left to do the telling.  …