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Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… the United States and the 184th anniversary of the death of one of its founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson. We revere the … luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … sacrificing what he called “the pursuit of happiness,” embodied in nothing so much as our national pursuit of real …
Children at Play: An American History, by Howard Chudacoff Book Cover

Children at Play: An American History

Review of Children at Play: An American History, by Howard Chudacoff (New York: New York University Press, 2007)
… space used traditionally by children for unstructured, unsupervised play, adults' efforts to provide protective spaces indoor (community centers, YMCA) and outdoor (playgrounds, sports … Chudacoff's new book, Children at Play . Chudacoff is one of America's most respected historians. He has served …
Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs book cover.

Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe

Review of Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006)
… the history of science, Jacob offers a series of case studies looking at Avignon, Alchemy, early stock markets, … years of cosmopolitanism offers an important perspective on one of the crucial issues facing society in the post-9/11 … Republicans. This allows her to easily skim over the often complicated inter-relations between politics, science, and …
Cerro Rico of Potosí, c.1603. Courtesy Hispanic Society of America

“Mountains of Water:” The Great 1626 Potosí Flood

… flood, what do we learn? Is it a cautionary tale, or just one of many disasters described in early modern sources as … structures made from this earthen material were common throughout the Andes, and they were generally … Espinosa, Antonio. Compendium and Description of the West Indies. trans. Charles Upton Clark. Washington, DC: …
The Prairie Dog is an anti-Jefferson satire, relating to Jefferson's covert negotiations for the purchase of West Florida from Spain in 1804.

Not American Enough? This Political Slur Has a Long History

… with President Obama's birth certificate, still not completely laid to rest, is an extreme version of a tactic … the Founding Fathers:  questioning whether a political opponent is a "real" American. It was first employed more than … Eisenhower's running mate, Richard Nixon, told audiences that the Russians were hoping for a Democratic …
The Obama family attending a 2014 Easter service at 19th Street Baptist Church.

Democrats Revive Our Civic-Religious Traditions

… As Republicans have long done, Democrats are beginning to speak openly about their … who make up the Religious Right, faith is important when it comes to moral issues such as abortion and homosexual … political leaders knew that the promotion of religion was one of the best ways of instilling virtue in the people of …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … patriotism, has unanimously passed an act, HR3077, to bring one group of experts, those in international studies, under stricter government control. This legislation …
George H. W. Bush Speaking in St. Louis, 1988. Behind him is Missouri Governor John Ashcroft.

The Danger of Scaring the Voters

… strategists have long been concerned that Americans would become complacent” about the war on terrorism. “Skepticism by voters could obviate what his advisers think is one of his paramount advantages,” the Post says. Bush wants … of hope? Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
Henry Ford with a Model T in 1921.

What Bill Ford Is Learning from Great-Grandpa

… Now that Ford Motor Company has announced its “Way Forward” restructuring plan, … William Clay Ford, Jr., finally stop its growing losses in money, market share and respect? Probably, but it won’t be … pictures and words in ads was certainly a risk. When Henry died in 1947, his once heroic reputation had sunk so low — …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Xiaoping creates an opportunity by which China can solve one its most vexing problems: the status of Tibet.  Next to … Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and … the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now that Deng has died, both sides now appear determined to find a solution. …
A photo of Al Gore I\in Manchester, New Hampshire, campaigning for President of the United States in 1999

The Case of the Disappearing Vice President

… keep alive “destabilizing” questions. Remember Al Gore? Sooner than you think, you too may be calling him … votes for president. But he looked like a backwoods ruffian compared with the venerable John Quincy Adams. So elite … vice president. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
lab tech with vaccine

Vaccines and Responsible Parenthood

Review of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… scientists hoped that vaccines could be used to eradicate common childhood diseases such as mumps and rubella. Yet … public confidence in vaccination. Second-wave feminism was one such movement. As caregivers, women traditionally bore … them aside. The effect was that women increasingly questioned the utility of vaccinations, especially in their role …
First Lady Michelle Obama reading a Dr. Seuss book to children at the White House.

Celebrating the “Seussentennial”

… fans and their parents know that Theodor S. Geisel was born one hundred years ago this month. Who? While most of us have … has proclaimed 2004 the “Seussentennial,” a year-long commemoration of Geisel’s work. Geisel’s books have expanded … a particular social or political agenda in mind, and anyone familiar with the whimsical silliness of his works would …
A homeless man outside the outside the United Nations building in New York with the American flag in the background.

A New Abolition Movement — Against Poverty

… tax credit for children to the nation’s 6.5 million low-income families, and has buried the measure in another round … are pushing against the same obstacles that 18th-century opponents of slavery confronted: acceptance of an evil because … deplore it in dinner table conversations before asking someone to pass the lamb chops. Barbara Ehrenreich detailed the …
painting - the War of 1812

The Legacy of the War of 1812 Is With Us Still

… hard to fit into the nation’s triumphalist mythology. For one thing, it was a misbegotten war. Lacking today’s fast communications, Washington didn’t learn until after the … self-interested. But as we know, wars have blowbacks. This one was no exception. The War of 1812 reawakened long-held …
Mourning banners hung at the south gate of Beijing university in the aftermath of the 1989 June 4th incident in Beijing

Survivor: the Chinese Communist Party

… foreign observers predicted that the days of the Chinese Communist Party were numbered. And yet, as we mark the 18th … of 21st-century geopolitics has also bolstered the party. One argument the party uses to convince the Chinese people … to answer with certainty, but recent history tells us one thing. The party's fate will continue to depend not just …
Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas, United States President George W. Bush, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon after reading statement to the press during the closing moments of the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan, June 4, 2003.

A Flawed Basis for Middle East Peace

… No one should think that all peace agreements lead to an end to … flaw in the Saudi proposal. No political or territorial compromise on the part of Israel, including diplomatic … a result of negotiation, not a list of stipulations which one side must accept or reject. It should involve …
President George W. Bush and his wife Laura listening to a Missouri elementary student read aloud to them.

Can Bush Avoid the Curse of Re-election?

… takes the press and the opposition party a full term to become familiar with an administration’s use of executive … power. But when a president wins re-election, his opponents have an opportunity to use that knowledge to … especially if he has abused presidential power. While no one should discount this administration’s political skill …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… Anderson famously defined nationalism as an “imagined community” binding together a widespread group of people … 1840s, Romanian nationalists portrayed Mihai’s mission as one centered on binding the Romanian nation together.  Of … Romanians under the Voivode Mihai the Brave. Bălcescu, a soldier, historian, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian …
Indian troops in Burma, 1944.

A Forgotten Theater of War

Review of India’s War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia, by Srinath Raghavan New York, NY: Basic Books, 2016
… As India assumes the role of one of the global powers, there has been a growing demand … 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … do occasionally include perspectives from ordinary soldiers that add a welcome human element to the fighting. …
Miklós Horthy, Hungarian regent, and Adolf Hitler in 1938.

Hitler’s Gamble with Destiny, 1941

… destroying the old world, Hitler created a new one that has ever since demanded constant attention and … Hitler created the opposite of what he intended to accomplish by invading the Soviet Union. Instead of destroying … of Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union will eventually die out. But in terms of historical cause and effect, 60 …
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade, by Donald Critchlow Book Cover.

Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade

Review of Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade, by Donald Critchlow (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005)
… movements; and the third being "crib-sheet books, the compilations, quote books, 'dictionaries' and … and, importantly, conservative ideas. Undeniably one of America's most important women, Schlafly is … Critchlow remains remarkably detached – so much so that one wonders what, exactly, he really thinks. In Mrs. America …