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… one requiring an almost obsessive attention to detail, a commitment to exacting measurements, and above all a patient … to measure accurately a degree of latitude at the equator. Comparing it with another measurement of latitude made in … of adventurers, officers, and scientists were assembled to complete a task intended to take only three years. Instead, …

… had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for commercially viable oil sources as well as the negotiation … of oil concessions between local powers and major oil companies (oil majors) such as Anglo-Iranian (later BP), …

… ban against it is traditionally based on the words of a medieval German rabbi and remains restricted to Jews resident … so that all Jews could go back to biblical ways. The Ten Commandments are mute about gay marriage. Males in a … with horror — stoning to death for the sin of filial disobedience, separating the slave from his wife as a condition …

… had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … officials today talk of a one- or possibly two-year commitment in Iraq. After World War II the vanquished … that we do. So even if, theoretically, we could build the complex infrastructure needed for democracy and the …

… mountain views, Oaxaca City also offers vistas of Mexico's complex history. In 1521, Hernán Cortés sent Captain José … Mill). Oaxaca's rugged terrain means that many indigenous communities remain isolated: roughly 50% of the state’s … in Mexico: the Sierra Sur mountain range keeps indigenous communities in relative isolation. (Photos courtesy of Kelly …

… to study photographs of official Soviet events to see which Communist Party members were visible and which had been …

… as the voice of prudence, the realpolitik strategic thinker compelled to inform the naive, idealistic newcomers from the South about national interests and … conduct ignorant and misplaced. Instead of opposing the commander in chief directly, Brzezinski cited administrative …

… history.  Stein brings a fresh perspective to the studied and landmark decisions Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), … Instead, the holding is evidence of a much more tenuous commitment to a liberal sexually revolutionizing agenda.  The Court's commitment, Stein argues, was to a specific, fairly narrow, …

… my daughter, I wish you were a boy!” Whether he meant the comment as an affront or as a statement on the injustice … husband without losing custody of her children. They also comprised preventing her from receiving a good education and … life, writing books, giving speeches, and campaigning. She died on October 26, 1902, eighteen years before the passage …

… year from about late June through early November at the Soldiers’ Home, an institution for disabled military veterans … view of wartime Washington. On most mornings, Lincoln commuted into the city, but during hot summer months his pace slackened noticeably. The Soldiers’ Home provided the president and his family with a …

… John Ashcroft asks for authority to hold non-citizens incommunicado indefinitely if the government regards them as a … a specific phone number is obsolete in an age when people commonly  have multiple telephones and e-mail. He argues … before the right to an attorney and other basic rights come into force. The security of the United States, he says, …

… Amendment does not prohibit robust gun regulation, it compels it. Today’s gun rights ideology is antithetical to … about an obligation citizens owed to their government and communities to contribute to public defense. They also …

… were right-wing ideologues who cynically utilized fears of communism to crush opposition to their tyrannical regimes. … that men like Botha and Pinochet tried to erase. Both bodies revealed the atrocities that their perpetrators had … Pinochet. One example of the revelatory capacity of these bodies will suffice. In mid-1985 four African men from the …

… the Democratic Party may self-destruct during the coming elections because it’s becoming softer on the war. We’ll have to wait until November … favor with their constituents, but simply because they felt compelled to follow their own heartfelt convictions. In his …

… call “the law of unintended consequences.” That phrase has come to be understood as a warning that intervention in a complex system tends to create unexpected and often … undesirable results.   The U.S. Constitution is one such complex system, and making changes to it can sometimes …

… free consent of over 500 rangatira (chiefs) and the tribal communities they represented. A 1939 reconstruction of the … from a British colony to an independent nation-state, becoming increasingly diverse, with over a quarter of its … Day now needs to serve as a symbol for all these different communities. In contrast with many other countries, New …

… the exiles and the U.S. government joined in a powerful common cause to dump Castro, who, in the peak Cold War … pro quo. Slowly, however, the view of the Cuban-American community is changing, partly because Cuban immigration has … from other Latin American countries — economic betterment. Compared with the earlier exiles, whose families would be …

… entre 1974 a 1979  que en toda su historia independiente . De hecho, durante este tiempo,  Venezuela gozaba … y Buicks y la clase alta famosamente se lanzaba de compras a Miami donde eran conocidos como los del “dame … Cientos de miles de venezolanos han tomado a las calles para protestar contra el gobierno y exigir elecciones. …

… by killer chemicals unwittingly unleashed by the scientific community. “Future historians may well be amazed by our … New Yorker serialized “Silent Spring,” a California reader complained to the magazine’s editor that “Miss Rachel … of insecticide manufacturers probably reflects her communist sympathies,” adding, “As for insects, isn’t it …

… Nadler of New York warned that "if we don't want to become an empire instead of a republic," Congress must …  Congressman Nadler disagrees.  "The president is becoming an absolute monarch," he said.   As a Democrat, … continued funding wars because the safety of American soldiers is always at stake.   But why appeal to a law approved …

… he proclaimed that “our nation is chosen by God and commissioned by history to be a model to the world.” This … notwithstanding the fact that Spanish missionaries had accomplished this two centuries before. But not all American …

… didn't move beyond their own self interest and embrace a common good. He called on Americans to unify themselves … a war. "Every act of energy conservation is more than just common sense — I tell you it is an act of patriotism."   … the House in late June. Many conservative politicians have complained the bill would wind up taxing citizens for the …