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… in meeting recruiting goals. Old and New Uniforms in Comparison: Modern-day reenactors (left and center) wearing … roots, but the uniform soon became unpopular among many soldiers. The Army leadership was forced to find a replacement … just three years after it was finally distributed to all soldiers in 2015. U.S. Army Soldiers wearing the Blue Army …

… inaccurate, always misapplied metaphor that unnecessarily complicates our thinking surrounding religion and politics.  … "prayers for the protection and blessing of the Common Father and Creator of man." Most other Founders … state, should not be construed as keeping the two realms completely separate. The evidence is plentiful. The same …

… weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … to extend the olive branch of peace will risk putting future generations of Iranians and Americans on the path to …

… for civil war. This is not some dystopian vision of the future course of the war in Iraq, but the actual history of … history of foreign occupation, Iraqi civilians would welcome U.S. troops as liberators. Most Iraqis, like most … Service and a doctoral student in history and security studies at Yale. E-mail:  jmankoff@yahoo.com . …

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush … to the 5th Circuit of Appeals, based in New Orleans. The committee should stop this nomination in its tracks.   Why … organizations. Months later, the decomposed and mutilated bodies of three civil rights martyrs — James Cheney, Andrew …

… President Obama’s plans for the future of America’s civilian space programs,, outlined in … the development of new technologies to reduce the cost and complexity of operating in space.   These proposals, … are rockets infallible: Insurance rates for the launch of a communications satellite can be 10 to 15 percent of its …

… Narrative of the civil rights movement. It is not just incomplete. It distorts the movement so thoroughly that it … came, it proved him correct. John Brown was willing to die for that belief. More than that—he was willing to see … his life and work.  Young commanded Black troops, trained future leaders, and embodied the contradiction of Black …

… the French Duke of Normandy. It is a reminder that the complicated, ambivalent, and sometimes hostile relationship … In January 1066, Edward the Confessor, King of England, died without an heir, which motivated several claimants to … Tapestry depicting Norman cavalry attacking Anglo-Saxon soldiers. Was William’s claim to the English throne legitimate? …

… and sent to Vologda. It was there he decided to become a writer, sending his first short story to Maxim Gorky. … escaped and joined the Socialist Revolutionary (SR) Combat Organization. He was now a political terrorist and a … and then sought to kill Boris Chicherin, the first Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, in Genoa in 1922. Alexandrov …

… you do not discuss religion, sex, or politics in polite company. Sex to one side, in America’s Religious Wars, … lives, such as equality, freedom, limited government, community, dignity, and the distribution of resources. … to agree on visions, solutions, and resolutions, for the future of national life. Through the three sections of her …

… immortality. A better approach than polling is to compare Reagan with past presidents who are now regarded as … Reagan left office. Great presidents are also effective communicators. Lincoln was the finest speechmaker in … support for New Deal legislation. Reagan, dubbed the “Great Communicator,” was an enormously successful speaker. A …

… play, adults' efforts to provide protective spaces indoor (community centers, YMCA) and outdoor (playgrounds, sports … and stronger peer associations formed as a consequence of compulsory schooling in the mid-nineteenth century, a gap … in modern American society, Chudacoff argues that a compression of generations has occurred that carries …

… It seems as if apologies are becoming a regular part of business and politics. Pope John … for the Irish famine of the 1840s. The Aetna Insurance Company apologizes for selling insurance against the escape … They also cost nothing. The Vatican will not be paying compensation to the Christian dissidents butchered by the …

… in style, tone, and story, the two films are instructively complementary in reminding us of an uncomfortable truth … gave masters ownership and control over the labor and bodies of the men, women, and children who by law were their … most chilling scene, the tyrannical slaveholder Calvin Candie (a creepy Leonardo DiCaprio) without hyperbole thunders, …

… political ends. After the war, no less than it had with soldiers, guns, and other armaments, Israel pursued nature … into the homes and land of Jewish settlers.  Drawing on studies of the United States’ Tennessee Valley Authority, and … the powerful and single-minded  Mekorot, the National Water Company of Israel .  Mekorot claims it has conveyed “water, …

… The thick walls of a medieval city offered protection to its inhabitants. While … from her late father, Arsenio Frugoni, a professor of medieval history at the University of Rome. Prior to his … had written two short articles on urban life. Frugoni combined the two articles, included her own notes, and has …

… Moon, el presidente de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, y el comandante supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de … Gaitán, abogado, político progresista, y probablemente futuro presidente de Colombia, fue asesinado en las calles … y el robo. Con el tiempo, las FARC se hizo grandemente dependiente de secuestros como su fuente de ingresos, así como …

… a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad analogies have come to dominate discussions of China in the American press. A disturbing number of commentators have been implying or stating outright that … China would do now that its second Communist “Emperor” had died. As the debate over the so-called “China threat” to …

… until seven years later, are usually credited with this accomplishment, having banished slavery in their remaining … move in novel areas. To be sure, these path-breaking acts compromised with the grim reality of slave owners’ property … The Emancipation Proclamation became the icon for the future. Reconstructing the rebellious states and preparing …

… With the horrific assault of Sept. 11, “terrorism” has become the new American watchword and scourge. Yet as George … nor anyone else has defined what terrorism is or where it comes from. Doing so may help us to face a frightening … these groups realized that if you live by the car bomb, you die by the car bomb; terrorism could alienate the very …

… dimples, chads and absentee ballots has raised the ire of diehard partisans who will try to weaken the president by … otherwise, is a dynamic process that revolves around three complex elements — the leader, the followers and the … history. Their forecasts, based on limited knowledge of future events, are hardly reliable. Leadership is a dynamic …

… political culture: a strong suspicion of government, an accompanying spirit of liberal capitalism, a sweeping ideology …

… a dramatic reconciliation in the European Coal and Steel Community.Ê Founded with four other countries in 1951, it … to sign up for a unified army in the 1952 European Defense Community. Five of them ratified it. The French parliament … problems – especially expensive agricultural subsidies and institutional inefficiencies and cronyism. Though …

… the Soviet Union, the United States was not a preemptive combatant. It was Joseph Stalins Soviet Union that blockaded …