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The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Critique of NATO’s Expansion

… to expand NATO is based on an outdated crusade against communism, a crusade launched against the Soviet Union in … not only unnecessary, it is based on devotion to past anti-communist cliches. In addition, based on the experience of … wants its neighbor Slovenia to join NATO. France, a second Mediterranean power, supports Italy. Since Romania has …
Dr. Aleš Hrdlička

“No law can change our blood"

Review of Blood Will Tell: Native Americans and Assimilation Policy, by Katherine Ellinghaus Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017.
… to the long list of assaults enacted on the Native American community, put alongside boarding schools, forbidden … construct Native American groups. Stage 2 introduced a “competency” policy wherein those who were deemedcompetent” were released from 25-year trust period on …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

… Paul Bremer's only concern. Even those areas that were most amenable to the U.S. invasion because of their … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from … down its current burden anytime soon, but it can begin immediately to share that burden with international …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

… Paul Bremer's only concern. Even those areas that were most amenable to the U.S. invasion because of their … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from … down its current burden anytime soon, but it can begin immediately to share that burden with international …
American soldiers making rolling barbed wire entanglements during World War I.

War Can Take On a Life of Its Own

… the belief of nations that they can limit the scope of armed conflict, events historically have often spun out of … of the Marne. Both sides then dug in along what would become the great Western Front, a series of trenches extending … World War I anticipated the toll it ultimately would take. Most assumed that whatever conflict occurred would be over …
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … to rebuild it – continuously. Monticello was a construction site for decades. He installed French three-part stacking … parlor. He took down the second story and added a dome to complete the perfectly proportioned facade that looks out at …
Barry Goldwater in 1964.

The History of the “Right Wing Conspiracy”

… They argue that the Monica Lewinsky matter would never have come up save for the lawsuit filed by Paula Jones. … further linked Senator Barry Goldwater, America’s foremost conservative politician, whom many expected to be … Democrats. In the 1980 election, President Jimmy Carter claimed that even his daughter Amy believed that “nuclear …
U.S. soldiers walking across a field during the Vietnam War.

A New War Like — Vietnam?

… the first stage of the air war against the Taliban regime completed, the United States now enters a more difficult and dangerous phase of combat. Repeatedly, President Bush has warned that the fight … have dominated the discussion to date. Pearl Harbor was the most popular — and misleading — analogy to emerge in the …
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis.

Apologizing for Slavery

… that has raged ever since. Apologizing for slavery has become such a controversial issue not only because few understand what it will accomplish, but also because even more than 130 years after … C. Kashatus's is a writer for the History News Service. His most recent book is "Money Pitcher: The Tragedy of Indian …
Chinese nuclear bomb on display in China.

A Danger Shared by All

… clandestine program. India and Pakistan are border rivals armed with nuclear weapons and Israel is believed to possess … country tested its first atomic bomb. Other nations were almost certain to follow China’s lead and build their own … Lyndon Johnson ordered a task force, the Gilpatric Committee (named after its chairman, former deputy defense …
Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Restoring Russian Support for the War on Terror

… and Moscow are increasingly frayed, and Russia has become a determined foe of the American Middle East agenda. … the United Nations over the Iranian nuclear program should come as no surprise. The further the American quest to … on the Iranian regime, Russia has been one of Tehran’s most reliable business partners. The Iranian nuclear …
President George W. Bush with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley in 2006.

Is Iraq Vietnam?

… intervention in Iraq, like that in South Vietnam, seems almost certain to end in failure. Hadley’s memorandum provides … or at least contain the Viet Cong but could not rally non-Communist South Vietnamese behind it, prompting the United … letting Maliki control more Iraqi troops, indicating that most of them are now under American command. The suggestion …
photo of FDR.

Picking Up Where FDR Left Off

… the economic crisis ripples through the world, some liberal commentators say that the only solution to it is a … Now is the time to start. The New Deal of the 1930s aimed to give every American "a margin of security against the … Deal at home has created a floor of economic security for most Americans. And it has given them the purchasing power …
The Ganden Monastery in Lhasa was one of the many victims of bombing during the 1956 uprising. The destruction caused to the monastery is still visible in the ruins.

The Seventeen Point Agreement: China’s Occupation of Tibet

… signed between the PRC and a minority people and is part of communist China’s larger nation-building process in its … the Tibetan state were used. The terms of the agreement claimed that Tibet sought Chinese protection from imperialist … countries have engaged in armed conflict over the borders, most recently in May 2020 when the PLA and the Indian army …
The image of a Thunderbird on top of a totem pole

“Allese Rondade”, that is to say, ‘Shoot!’”

Review of Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violent Transformation of Native America, by David J. Silverman (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2016)
… and from the 17th through the 19th centuries guns transformed life for Native Americans in a variety of ways and … them and Euro-Americans saying “Indian polities used commercial and military leverage to shape these … some Indians, these thundersticks were associated with the most fearsome of natural elements and embodied the awesome …
Legislative members are seen exhausted while listening to lengthy testimony during floor action on the articles for impeachment of judge Sam Smith.

The Poisonous Cry for Judicial Impeachment

… that “judicious conduct,” in the best sense of those words, comes from judges insulated from popular emotions. The … over rulings that aroused public passions. This view seemed settled by 1805, when the Senate refused to remove … indictment, with impeachment impending. The fifth case was most controversial because before Judge Alcee Hastings’ …
German and Indian troops as part of the international coalition to put down the Boxer Rebellion

History Shadows U.S.-China Relations

… who died for his country during World War II has inflamed tension between China and Japan. When Bush gets to … of more than $30 million (then an astronomical amount) as compensation to foreign powers for the damage caused by the … circulate. Chinese and Western tales of the Boxers diverge most sharply concerning the events that followed the lifting …
Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Justus Sustermans

400 Years Ago the Catholic Church Prohibited Copernicanism

What lessons can be learned from the thought and actions of Galileo, who became the “Father of Modern Science”?
… continues to our day. Do these Church actions prove the incompatibility between science and religion? What lessons can … into trouble. A geocentric model of the solar system (top) compared to the heliocentric model (bottom) Galileo … the theory. Thus, on February 26, the Inquisition’s most authoritative cardinal, Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621), …
Joseph Stalin

Dismantling a Legacy: The Last Days of Stalin

Review of The Last Days of Stalin, by Joshua Rubenstein (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015)
… “The breath of the tens of thousands of people jammed against one another rose up in a white cloud so thick … pardoned or remitted the sentences of prisoners whom had committed minor offenses. As they worked to dismantle … reign. Rubenstein makes it clear that many countries, but most particularly the United States and its recently …
Senator J. William Fulbright in 1966.

Advice from the Past about Yugoslavia

… and relying on military superiority and instead find common ground with its adversaries. In October 1962 Kennedy … August 7, 1964, which authorized the president’s use of “armed force” in Vietnam. When Johnson introduced hundreds of … concluded that the Vietnam War was a civil war, that “the most effective nationalist movement is …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… rebellions on its borders. Rebellions were inevitable. Like most imperialists, the Romans believed they were forging a … the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and radar it got from the United …