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 Cover of Chivalry in Medieval England by Nigel Saul

Knighthood As It Was, Not As We Wish It Were

Review of Chivalry in Medieval England, by Nigel Saul (Harvard University Press, 416 pp, 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-06368-6)
… wished that things could just be like they used to be. A common sentiment, it is actually responsible for distorting … ends and actual history begins. In Chivalry in Medieval England , Nigel Saul aspires to these aims as he discusses one of the most distorted topics in medieval history: the code of chivalry. Although not without …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
… was upgrading the recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza, more commonly known as "swine flu," to a global pandemic. … young adults, those between 18 and 40, were most likely to die of influenza. The greatest strength of this book is the … of people off work. They evoke the frightening scenes of bodies stacked in morgues. They also discuss changes in …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United …
The West Virginia State Penitentiary electric chair, also known as "Old Sparky."

The Truth About Capital Punishment: It’s Inherently Cruel

… procedure — is counter-productive. It's impossible to completely humanize an execution. There's always suffering … anesthetized or not. A prisoner could be unable to move and communicate but still be conscious during an agonizing … cruelty — but no one is deliberately cruel. Cruelty can come not only from sadistic intentions but from utopian …
San Francisco frae the Marin Heidlands, with the Gowden Gate Brig in the foregroond.

The Real West Is an Urban West

… sprawling suburbs on the Colorado plains, and multi-ethnic communities in Los Angeles, perhaps ending up with a latte … Professor in the Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban studies & Planning at Portland State University, Ore., and a …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… Santorum, April 2021 Former Pennsylvania senator (and CNN commentator) Rick Santorum made those comments at a conservative student organization-hosted … focused once or perhaps twice a year during our social studies classes. Samoset entering the Plymouth settlement in …
electrical towers

Energy, Deregulation and Prosperity

… of electric power, also used oil to fuel the ever longer commute to work at jobs that the electric power industry and … doing things differently, California created a new energy commission that followed the advice of energy guru Amory … as usual. Conservation and soft energy faded as the computer and Internet revolutions and the discovery of …
Administrative building in the Hague in 1939.

First World War of the Twenty-First Century?

… Now the question again surfaces: will the international community be able to avoid the slide toward war? It remains … these questions. Multinational corporations and worldwide communications, among other things, have created a global … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… example of politically motivated historical revisionism completes the task begun by John Ashcroft in 2001 in his … and bearing arms were legally synonymous: hunting bears becomes the same as bearing arms. The illogic of the claim is easy to demonstrate. Quakers were religious pacifists …

About Origins

… "For insight into the complicated and complicating events ... , one needs perspective, not … the foundations of today’s events, and explore the often complicated nature of a particular current event. Our …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, which abuts … and in territories on the West Bank of the Jordan River completed local elections under the supervision of … building blocks toward peace which suggest better days to come in the region. Dr. Jonathan Goldstein is a professor of …
Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy meeting with Kagan.

What’s Wrong With Kagan’s Confirmation Hearings

… confirmation hearings are underway in the Senate Judiciary Committee, a rite of passage for Supreme Court nominees. … sound reasons why any vetting of court nominees should become more limited and less political. Senators should … to answer questions about her opinions on issues likely to come before the court. The Founding Fathers did not think …
Senator Barack Obama

Memorandum to Sen. Obama: How to Run

… to get voters registered. He realized that if he were to become the city’s first African American elected mayor he … demonstrates the distance that the people of Chicago have come since Washington’s election. Like it or not, though, …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

… in southeast Asia, fully hopeful of joining the world community of free and independent nations. Burma is little … intervening years, Burma’s hope for freedom has been embodied in that brave woman. Thinking that more than a decade … in southeast Asia, Burma’s $1,200 per capita annual income is now a fifth of that of neighboring Thailand, below …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to … been stationed in Hungary since 1944. Since his Hungarian Communist Party took power in 1948, Rákosi had presided over … troops supported by Hungarian security forces. Red Army soldiers and other emblems of Soviet repression were among the …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 decision that … and its meaning. Why is Patrick Buchanan a populist? It comes from the fact that he has always seen himself as a … in response to economic crises. George Wallace found an audience in a country worried by inflation and economic …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … initiated toward Iraq. Both the timing and the citation accompanying the prize hinted at more than Carter's undisputed … unfortunate association with the corrupt bank of Credit and Commerce International in the late 1980s has been long left …
President Woodrow Wilson with his wife, Edith, in June 1920.

Making it into the White House

Review of Fit for the Presidency? Winners, Losers, What-Ifs, and Also-Rans, by Seymour Morris Jr. (Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2017)
… it remains unclear how exactly Morris chose his case studies. Merely examining five actual presidents (Washington, … of the presidency itself has changed, making his comparisons something of an apples and oranges exercise.  … detractors” might say. Again, historians who have studied these questions would find most of this facile and …
Theatrical poster for the American release of the 1952 film High Noon

War with Iraq: The Movie

… a villain and his henchmen threaten the safety of a western community, whose cowardly citizens cringe in the face of … Lebanon to save it from destructive fighting, American soldiers became the targets of warring parties; 241 Marines died in a terrorist bombing, and Reagan quickly pulled out …
The Brazilian flag and a soccer ball

Brazil’s Soccer Mania: An Example for the World

… ahead of any other national team. In view of the tremendous competition associated with the world’s favorite sport, … many Europeans and Latin Americans, such as socialism and communism, failed to draw a significant following in Brazil. … much of the population. Some critics of Brazilian society complain about the people’s passion for soccer and lack of …
With running mate Paul Ryan in Norfolk, Virginia, during the vice presidential selection announcement on August 11, 2012

Vice Presidential Nominees Must Be Plausible As President

… or on appealing to independents? Some of those factors may come into play, yet the recent history of vice-presidential … perform under the pressure of a presidential campaign could complicate their chances.   It’s not that citizens base … repeated questions regarding his qualifications before he compared his experience to that of John Kennedy in 1960. …
The famously burly W.G. Grace was one of Britain's most famous cricket players who stood out from the crowd with both his imposing career and his imposing facial hair.

A Long History of Close Shaves

Review of Of Beards and Men: The Revealing History of Facial Hair, by Christopher Oldstone-Moore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016)
… ancient Mesopotamian history. The bearded warrior kings and completely shaven priestly classes established a clear … Ages evolved into the Renaissance , the history of beards becomes far more tangled.  Influential figures like Henry VIII … XIV.  From here on the place of facial hair in society becomes more difficult to locate, as it was employed by both …