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Amritsar Massacre

The Amritsar Massacre (1919)

The massacre and continued police brutality were turning points in Indian anti-colonialism.
… crowd of Indians. Learn what led up to the massacre and its repercussions. Written by Archana Venkatesh. … Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Audio production by Paul … team includes Editors Nicholas Breyfogle, Steven Conn and David Steigerwald; Managing Editors Lauren Henry, Sarah …
North Korea's prime minister Kim Il-sung and China's premier Zhou Enlai tour Beijing in 1958.

China Holds the Key to the North Korea Problem

… of the United Nations for failing to deter aggression and preserve world peace. That blame is misplaced. In this case, responsibility for controlling North Korea, and the ability to do so, falls squarely on China.   The way … that might precipitate a world war.   When Great Britain and the United States developed the first plans for the UN …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… which country had the best claim to a group of small islands located in the East China Sea, to the flurry of … how Deng Xiaoping’s death may affect the People’s Republic and our relations with its leadership.   One curious thing … The pair in question, Taiwan’s President Lee Teng-hui and Disney CEO Michael Eisner, are individuals who otherwise …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… CE; r. 690–705) is a study in ambition, resilience, and the ability to bend an entire society’s rules to her … character she created for herself, meaning “the sun, moon, and the sky.” Her father, Wu Shiyue, was a prominent supporter of the rebellion that toppled the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister …
Liu Bang

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

Liu Bang rose from obscurity to be crowned emperor of China 2215 years ago on the 28th of February, 202 BCE.
… B. Breyfogle. Video production by Cody Patton, Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.   … East Asia & Southeast Asia …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Escobar: Paradise Lost is the directorial debut of Andrea Di Stefano, who also wrote the film. Set in Colombia … surfer Nick (Josh Hutcherson of The Hunger Games fame) and Maria (played by Spanish television star Claudia … by Benicio Del Toro). Escobar: Paradise Lost,  directed by Andrea Di Stefano Del Toro is not the lead, and this is …
Palais de Beaulieu

The Theological Third Way in Latin America

Review of A Gospel for the Poor: Global Social Christianity and the Latin American Evangelical Left, by David C. Kirkpatrick (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… Defeating the Taliban and al-Qaida is only one part of the struggle to build peace … to win Pakistanis over to the side of the United States and away from the Taliban and al-Qaida. Aiding the refugees is clearly in the national … South Asia …
An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… thing. It helps place a contemporary problem in a new light and can even aid the construction of sensible public … Misconceived or misapplied analogies, on the other hand, are a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad … analogies, at a crucial point in the history of China and of Sino-American relations, is a troubling and dangerous …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… morning of 17 October 1945, workers in the federal capital and the province of Buenos Aires began marching toward the Plaza de Mayo and the Casa Rosada, the home of the executive branch. The … carried on. The workers were there to stay until their demand was achieved: the release from military custody of …
Aftermath of the al-Qaida bombing at the U.S. Embassy in Tanzania in 1998.

When America Was Considered a Rogue Nation

… the Civil War, people in Latin America, Western Europe, and even the faraway Hawaiian kingdom were convinced that … operated in underground cells, used secret codes and wreaked havoc. They attacked Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua and Honduras and were suspected of planning attacks …
A tractor purchased through the Marshall Plan for France.

Grand Fenwick, Afghanistan and Iraq

… having led a coalition to defeat the Taliban in Afghanistan and now aiming at Iraq, the president might learn what to do with those countries by taking a break from big books and watching a funny movie. Not any funny movie, but “The … should seek now. The best American policy for Afghanistan, and one that might make an attack on Iraq more successful, …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… by demonstrators. None of them have been more strident and belligerent than those advocating Tibetan independence.  … the deification of the Tibetan leader, the Dalai Lama, and Hollywood’s successful romanticization of Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… capital of Manila lay in ruins, caught between the American and Japanese war machines of World War II . A postwar investigation concluded that only Warsaw, Poland , saw a higher level of devastation. Seventy years … of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror. The event resonates in the history of a city …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… the past 250 years to offer historical insights for understanding present-day China and its possible development. Restless Empire extends the … revolutionaries, missionaries, businessmen, students, and workers, are examined and considered as the crucial … Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 , by Odd Arne Westad (New York: …
rows of skulls on a shelf

Justice for the Rwandan Genocide

On September 2, 1998, the first conviction for the crime of genocide was entered by an international tribunal.
… Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. … Rwanda … Africa … Justice for the Rwandan Genocide …
Bob Campbell Photograph Of Dian Fossey Filming Orphaned Gorillas Coco And Pucker, Rwanda 1969, Bob Campbell

Gorillas in the Mist: The Life and Legacy of Dian Fossey

Fossey replaced a fallacious stereotype of a King Kong-like, violent gorilla with an almost idealized image of a gorilla that was intelligent, family-oriented and peaceful.
… Fossey’s observations of the reclusive mountain gorilla in Rwanda were detailed in her popular book Gorillas in the Mist and she worked tirelessly throughout her career to … production by Katherine Weiss, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Laura Seeger. … image of a gorilla that was intelligent, family-oriented and peaceful. …
Jiang Zemin

Reframing the Debate on Human Rights in China

… Normal Trade Relations with the People's Republic of China and Chinese leader Jiang Zemin's recent visit to New York … of a familiar United States-China two-step. Pundits and politicians once again denounced the Beijing regime's abysmal human rights record. Jiang and other Chinese Communist Party officials countered that …
soldiers holding guns near a body of water

The Bangladesh Liberation War

December 16, 1971 marked the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War, a short-lived conflict between India and Pakistan.
… Liberation War, a short-lived conflict between India and Pakistan that established the People’s Republic of … Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.     … Liberation War, a short-lived conflict between India and Pakistan. …
Members of the Free Officers welcomed by crowds in Cairo in January 1953.

The Egyptian Middle Class Is Disgruntled. Again.

… remarked on the large numbers of highly educated young men and women who are thoroughly frustrated by the gap between the education they have attained and the jobs they have found. In one New York Times story, a … for them to get married. Many others complained of low pay and underemployment. While the protesters in Liberation …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
…   In geologic years, the Galapagos Islands are infants. Located on the perpetually moving Nazca tectonic plate, the islands were formed through repeated volcanic activity. Layer by layer, the islands have risen off the ocean floor, forming a chain that is … The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… bombs dropped by the United States on  Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan at the end of World War II . On August … 2015, I was in Hiroshima for the anniversary of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these … territory. Abe’s omission was sharply criticized in Japan, and three days later in Nagasaki he did make such a pledge. …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… where over eight million people are at risk from hunger and malnutrition. The Bush administration would be wise to heed Marshall's warning and rally the international community to increase food aid … of the global struggle against terrorism. Osama Bin Laden and remnants of Al-Qaida are likely hiding in Afghanistan or …