The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

By

Peter Gatrell

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A map depicting the country of origin for refugees (red circles) and the top 8 countries where refugees are going (shades of grey and black).

Refugees' Origins and Destinations

A map depicting the country of origin for refugees (red circles) and the top 8 countries where refugees are going (shades of grey and black).

A chart depicting the number of sea arrivals to Greece and Italy in 2015 and the first half of 2016.

Sea Arrivals to Greece and Italy

A chart depicting the number of sea arrivals to Greece and Italy in 2015 and the first half of 2016. The line in March 2016 marks the implementation of an agreement between the European Union and Turkey that migrants will be returned to Turkey if their asylum claim is rejected.

Countries of origin and destination of refugees who have applied for asylum in Europe in 2015.

Map of the European Migrant Crisis 2015

Countries of origin and destination of refugees who have applied for asylum in Europe in 2015.

Top Ten EU countries that received asylum applications in 2015.

EU Asylum Applications

Top Ten EU countries that received asylum applications in 2015.

26 European States abolished the need for passports to cross borders with other member countries in 1995 (blue). Yellow denotes EU member states that are obliged to join the area and teal are states with open borders.

Schengen Area

26 European States abolished the need for passports to cross borders with other member countries in 1995 (blue). After the 2015 Paris Attacks, France instituted measures to control its borders with other Schengen states. Yellow denotes EU member states that are obliged to join the area and teal are states with open borders.

Applications for asylum in the UK from 1984 to 2014.

UK Asylum Applicants

Applications for asylum in the UK from 1984 to 2014.

A map of the top ten countries from which refugees originate (red) and to which they settle (green), 2014.

Top Countries of Origin and Settlement

A map of the top ten countries from which refugees originate (red) and to which they settle (green), 2014.

A map depicting the parties to the 1951 UN Convention Related to the Status of Refugees (neon green), parties to the 1967 protocol (yellow), parties to both the convention and protocol (green), and non-members (grey).

Convention Related to the Status of Refugees Map

A map depicting the parties to the 1951 UN Convention Related to the Status of Refugees (neon green), parties to the 1967 protocol (yellow), parties to both the convention and protocol (green), and non-members (grey).

Graph depicting the number of asylum applications in Europe in the first half of 2015 and their routes of migrants to Europe.

European Migrant Crisis

Graph depicting the number of asylum applications in Europe in the first half of 2015 and their routes of migrants to Europe.

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