Dispatches from the Armenian Revolution

By

Pietro A. Shakarian

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A map of present-day Armenia.

Armenia

A map of present-day Armenia.

Protesters in April 2018.

Imagine Armenia Free

Protesters in April 2018.

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018.

Republic Square Demonstrations

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018 [photo by author].

Photograph of the Biblical Mount Ararat.

Mount Ararat

Photograph of the Biblical Mount Ararat, a symbol of Armenian national and spiritual identity [photo by author].

The Armenian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan.

Armenian Genocide Memorial

The Armenian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan.

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018.

Republic Square Demonstrations

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018 [photo by author].

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018.

Republic Square Demonstrations

Demonstrations at Republic Square in August 2018 [photo by author].

Republic Square in Yerevan in May 2018.

Republic Square May 2018

Republic Square in Yerevan in May 2018.

Demonstrators in Tbilisi, Georgia during the Rose Revolution.

Rose Revolution

Demonstrators in Tbilisi, Georgia during the Rose Revolution in 2003.

The first day of Ukraine’s Orange Revolution.

Orange Revoution

The first day of Ukraine’s Orange Revolution in 2004.

Stone carvings of the Armenian alphabet.

Armenian Alphabet

Stone carvings of the Armenian alphabet in front of a statue of the alphabet’s creator, Mesrop Mashtots, near Mt. Ararat.

Russian troops capturing Erivan fortress in 1827.

Capture of Erivan Fortress by Russian

Russian troops capturing Erivan fortress in 1827 during the Russo-Persian War.

Bodies of those killed during the Armenian Genocide.

Armenian Genocide

Bodies of those killed during the Armenian Genocide in 1915.

Anastas Mikoyan, Joseph Stalin, and Grigori Ordzhonikidze.

The Caucasian Clique

Anastas Mikoyan, Joseph Stalin, and Grigori Ordzhonikidze in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1925.

Demonstrators in Yerevan calling on the Soviet Union to officially recognize the Armenian Genocide.

Genocide Demonstration

Demonstrators in Yerevan calling on the Soviet Union to officially recognize the Armenian Genocide in 1965 [Courtesy of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, Yerevan].

A 1994 map showing the Nagorno-Karabakh region and the wider conflict area.

Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

A 1994 map showing the Nagorno-Karabakh region and the wider conflict area.

Karabakh Movement demonstrations in 1988.

Karabakh Movement

Karabakh Movement demonstrations in 1988.

Ashot Manucharyan.

Ashot Manucharyan

Ashot Manucharyan, the Minister of Internal Affairs from 1991 to 1992.

The inauguration of Armenia’s first president.

Levon Ter-Petrosyan

The inauguration of Armenia’s first president, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, in 1991.

A 2006 Armenian Army parade on Independence Day.

Armenian Independence Day

A 2006 Armenian Army parade on Independence Day.

The December 1991 signing of the agreement to eliminate the USSR.

Belavezha Accords

The December 1991 signing of the agreement to eliminate the USSR and establish independent states.

Armenian soldiers in Karabakh in 1994.

Armenian Soldiers

Armenian soldiers in Karabakh in 1994 using Russian AK-74 assault rifles.

Azerbaijani refugees from Karabakh in 1992.

Azerbaijani Refugees

Azerbaijani refugees from Karabakh in 1992.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Armenian President Robert Kocharyan.

Putin and Kocharyan

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Armenian President Robert Kocharyan in 2004.

A map of the Republic of Armenia and Artsakh Republic.

Republic of Armenia and Artsakh Republic

A map of the Republic of Armenia and Artsakh Republic.

President Serzh Sargsyan at a NATO meeting in 2014.

Serzh Sargsyan

President Serzh Sargsyan at a NATO meeting in 2014.

A poster featuring Armenian revolutionary leader and now Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

Nikol Pashinyan

A poster featuring Armenian revolutionary leader and now Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in 2018 [photo by author].

Protests following the 2008 presidential election at the Opera Square in Yerevan.

Presidential Protests

Protests following the 2008 presidential election at the Opera Square in Yerevan.

Protesters in Mashtots Park in 2012.

Mashtots Park Activists

Protesters in Mashtots Park in 2012.

Raffi Hovannisian in Yerevan’s Freedom Square in 2013.

Raffi Hovannisian

Raffi Hovannisian in Yerevan’s Freedom Square in 2013.

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

Nikol Pashinyan

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in April 2018.

An Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day march in 2014.

Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day

An Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day march in 2014.

Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

Putin and Pashinyan

Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in 2018.

Collective Security Treaty Organization Chief Yuri Khachaturov.

Yuri Khachaturov

Collective Security Treaty Organization Chief Yuri Khachaturov in 2017.

Armenian National Assembly election results from 2018.

Armenian National Assembly

Armenian National Assembly election results from 2018.

Anti-government protests in April 2018.

Anti-Government Protests

Anti-government protests in April 2018.

Celebrations after the September 21, 1991 referendum declaring Armenia’s independence.

Armenian Independence

Celebrations after the September 21, 1991 referendum declaring Armenia’s independence.

Demonstration at Republic Square, Yerevan.

Republic Square Demonstrations

Demonstration at Republic Square, Yerevan, August 17, 2018 [photo by author].

Photograph of the Armenian Revolution, Yerevan.

Armenian Revolution

Photograph of the Armenian Revolution, Yerevan, April 22, 2018.

Orphan children from the Armenian Genocide.

Armenian Orphans

Orphan children from the Armenian Genocide, 1915.

Location of Nagorno-Karabakh highlighted within the post-Soviet Caucasus.

Nagorno-Karabakh Region

Location of Nagorno-Karabakh highlighted within the post-Soviet Caucasus [map by author based on 1995 CIA ethnolinguistic map of the Caucasus].

Karabakh Movement demonstrations in Yerevan.

Karabakh Movement

Karabakh Movement demonstrations in Yerevan, 1988 [photo by Ruben Mangasaryan].

Karabakh Committee member Ashot Manucharyan on the left with Ashot Dabaghyan.

Karabakh Committee

Karabakh Committee member Ashot Manucharyan on the left with Ashot Dabaghyan on the right (left) [image courtesy of Bagrat Dabaghyan].

Armenian children struggling to keep warm.

Armenian Children

Armenian children struggling to keep warm.

A boy and his father bringing home firewood during the energy crisis of the 1990s.

Energy Crisis

A boy and his father bringing home firewood during the energy crisis of the 1990s.

Demonstrations in Yerevan.

April Demonstrations

Demonstrations in Yerevan, April 28, 2018.

Celebrations after the September 21, 1991 referendum.

Independence Referendum

Celebrations after the September 21, 1991 referendum.

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