The Treaty of Lausanne and the End of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire’s end was not a single event but the culmination of a decade of wars, displacement, ethnic violence, and political upheaval between 1911 and 1923. These conflicts, especially World War I, devastated the empire, contributed to the Armenian genocide, shattered long-standing multiethnic coexistence, and fueled nationalist movements that led to the abolition of the Ottoman dynasty. Following the nationalist victory under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne replaced the Treaty of Sèvres, secured international recognition for the new Republic of Turkey, and reshaped the modern Middle East through new borders and a massive forced population exchange. Written by Yiğit Akın. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, Justin Troyer, Hannah Keller, and Victoria Paige. A transcript is available at https://origins.osu.edu/read/long-end-ottoman-empire. This is a production of Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective at the Goldberg Center in the Department of History at The Ohio State University and the Department of History at Miami University.