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WE.177A was an air-launched boosted fission weapon deployed by the UK

The Two Sides of the Nuclear Coin

… and nuclear disarmament were two sides of the same coin. As a result, the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty … The Republican-dominated U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, a landmark measure negotiated … disarmament and other pledges made in the NPT. Ignoring the commitments made by his Democratic and Republican …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… itself dates only to the 19th century, when it was coined by British reformer George Jacob Holyoake. In this … French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of … tumult of French politics in the 19th century, the French commitment to what they call laïcité remained. By the Third …
Crowds of people waving Ukrainian flags

The Fate of Crimea, the Future of Ukraine, Part II

… Patrick Potyondy  Welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone … nice selfie pictures. So if you go to the John Glenn school website, you can see some of the pictures of the protest, … violence in January, which increased into the absolute tragedies that you saw on February 18th and 20th, where up to 70 …
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… one. We should not panic if Russia, in the short-term, becomes more antagonistic toward Western values and interests. … more important, the current round of reforms is part of a complex and ongoing process of assimilation and rejection of … Russian and American geopolitical interests do not coincide. Both states will pursue policies to their own …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, he tried playing up the dangerous aspects … expert Maurice Gunderson of Nth Power, a venture capital company in San Francisco, it wasn’t so much that Edison was … electricity on a local scale, while at the same time accomplishing other tasks. Four sewage plants in New York …
a man kneeling down near tributes to fallen heroes

Heroes Never Die: The Legacies of Euromaidan

Emily Channell-Justice explores the goals and lived experiences of Ukraine’s watershed Euromaidan protests of 2013-14.
… is available at https://origins.osu.edu/read/heroes-never-die-ukraine. Video production by Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan, … Heroes Never Die: The Legacies of Euromaidan …
Rural school children looking at a globe in 1943.

The Debate That Won’t Die

… hibernation. The return of the problem today has been accompanied by its earlier logic. There is a striking … insisting that “the great principle is the right of every community to judge and decide for itself, whether a thing is … today’s Christian populists will have a much harder time refuting science and evolution than they did in Tennessee in …
Senator Fred Thompson at the Chattanooga Summit in 1996.

Back to the Future of Fund-Raising Scandals

… Now Sen. Fred Thompson, R-Tenn., who chairs the Senate committee looking into Clinton’s fund-raising, has joined … a contrast with Clinton, Thompson praised Roosevelt for coming to the Senate in person to testify on the funding of … Roosevelt’s scandal hit when a New York State legislative committee looking into the finances of the state’s insurance …
battle at Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

After a brutal 75-day siege, the Mexica capital of Tenochtitlan surrendered on August 13, 1521.
… violence. By the end, a few thousand Spaniards under the command of Hernando Cortés fighting alongside many times … modern world, the seat of the Aztec Empire. Written by Diego Javier Luis. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. … Diego Javier Luis … Indigenous Communities …
The Nuremburg Map of 1524 is the earliest known European visualization of Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

… violence. By the end, a few thousand Spaniards under the command of Hernando Cortés fighting alongside many times … people in the early sixteenth century. For a Spanish soldier fighting with Hernando Cortés named Bernal Díaz del … looking down into the Valley of Mexico, “some of our soldiers asked whether it was not all a dream…It was all so …
soldiers in Vietnam

Memories of Vietnam in Memoriam

Review of Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War, by Viet Thanh Nguyen Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.
… the stories they tell about themselves?  In Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War Viet Thanh Nguyen, a … who view the dead and choose to remember them. This is a complex work.  Equal parts philosophical treatise, … of memory” works to create narratives of the self which refute blame, cover misconduct, and glorify the dead.  At the …
An art exhibition, probably in Moscow in 1964. Taken by Thomas T. Hammond during his travels in the Soviet Union.

When the Soviets Domesticated the West

Review of To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture, by Eleonory Gilburd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… Russian translations and interpretations. To See Paris and Die by Eleonory Gilburd tells the story of the Soviet … One of Gilburd’s key arguments is that this Soviet audience made sense of books, films, and paintings through the … from viewers and readers and more than 6,000 entries in comment books from exhibitions—Gilburd gives voice to Soviet …
Cover of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe by David Marquand

The End of the World as We Know It?

Review of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe, by David Marquand (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011)
… undermined European integration. Marquand reminds his audience of the important successes that Europe has witnessed … - the deliberate construction of a supranational European Community, based on law rather than force, in which ancient … identified that must be answered if the E.U. is to be the future Europe that the author wishes it to be. The first …

The United States, China, and the Money Question

… rights issues, others Chinese foreign policy, but the most common rhetorical barbs tie back to trade and currency. This … else in its cargo: more than 20,000 Spanish silver coins. The goods the Americans were bringing would not be … of the U.S. than to push their commerce to the East Indies as fast and as far as it will go.” Merchants listened …
Albert Hofmann holding model of LSD, background is bright color collage

Albert Hofmann and the Discovery of LSD

In November 1938, Albert Hofmann November 1938, first created a derivative of ergot that would later be dubbed lysergic acid diethalyamide: LSD.
… of ergot that would later be dubbed lysergic acid diethalyamide: LSD. Written by Dr. Benjamin Breen. Narration … of ergot that would later be dubbed lysergic acid diethalyamide: LSD. …
Francisco Franco speaking to his naval forces in 1938

The Death of Franco

On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of Europe’s longest dictatorships.
… On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of … On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of …
A Nuclear Power Plant in the Untied Kingdom against a blue sky.

How Green Is the Atom?

The Past–and Future–of Nuclear Energy in the United States
… industry representatives, but many environmentalists have come to see nuclear power as key to end world dependence on … advantage in world markets. ADVANCE will provide huge subsidies in the effort to rejuvenate the U.S. industry. That … has always required significant direct and indirect subsidies, loans, and even  limits on its accident liabilities to …
NASA marks Earth Day’s 50th anniversary.

“Give Earth a Chance”: Earth Day and the Politics of Modern Environmentalism

… "I am doing this because you adults are shitting on my future." Channeling more than a decade of warnings by … Dream was a “cruel hoax.” She went on to shock her audience when she pledged never to have children. “I have … by the conservative John Birch Society, some questioned the coincidence that Earth Day occurred on the 100 th birthday …

'The Energy of a Bright Tomorrow': The Rise of Nuclear Power in Japan

… On March 12, 2011, an explosion rocked the towns of Futaba and Okuma in Fukushima, Japan, but few were there to … destructive capability. After first scaring his audience, he pivoted and offered a solution: the development … first wave of nuclear reactors was completed. This period coincides with the emergence of environmental issues as a …
Students at the Tuberculosis Sanitorium, Phoenix Indian School, ca. 1890-1910.

Early American Contagions

… measles, typhus, and influenza decimated Indigenous communities in the Americas is a commonly held one. Like so … one’s breast, etc. there was indeed perishing, many indeed died of it.” Aztec victims of a sixteenth-century epidemic. … counterparts? Alfred Crosby answered in the 1970s, when he coined the phrase “virgin soil epidemics,” or invasive …
The Battle of Waterloo, 1815

Winning and Losing at the Battle of Waterloo

… In February 2015, Belgium proposed a specially minted euro coin to celebrate the bicentennial of the battle, which took … Belgium's plans to make a special-edition euro coin commemorating the Battle of Waterloo. Belgium still … led to an unprecedented number of witness accounts from soldiers and civilians who had lived through the wars, but also …