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Banksy mural of worker chipping star off EU flag

Brexit: Dividing the United Kingdom

… Union. Nearly three years, later, however, the final outcome of Brexit remains uncertain. And issues that affect the … changed? What were the political and economic forces that compelled the UK to join the EU in the first place? What … Dream? , Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace , and The EU: Past, Present, and Future . ( …
Portrait of General Winfield Scott.

When “Sensitivity” Has Opened the Road to Victory

… one of the most sensitive and successful coalition commanders of all time. Cheney forgets that Ike diverted … in on Berlin from the east. He also forgets that to accommodate their British allies’ strategic interests (as well … Hitler. Successful coalition warfare requires restraint and compromise — “sensitivity,” in Cheney’s terms. Many other …
Taliban fighters patrol the streets of Kabul in August, 2021.

Who are the Taliban?

… the Taliban now confront the challenge of governing this complex country and establishing a stable government. Since … to everyday and intimate forms of violence. Their foot soldiers have asserted the right to assault men and women whom … apparatus was a crucial step. They published a website in the late 1990s but soon abandoned it, preferring …

Killing the Arctic

… or the shrinking of the Aral Sea? These, too, rank as tragedies of the highest order. The Arctic, defined as the lowest … patterns in the south, Arctic meteorology has increasingly come to affect them. The Arctic’s terminal decline, then, … the Arctic, but killing was king. One of the earliest medieval references to Arctic venturing is the Norse chieftain …
An Honored Medal: 1862-1896 Version of the Medal of Honor. Army Heritage Museum Collection.

Medal of Honor Upgrades Are Rare — And Should Be Rare

… secretary Robert Gates — to review the War on Terror's combat decoration recipients and upgrade some to the Medal … new evidence. Hunter disagrees with the current process; he points to 32 Distinguished Service Cross upgrades made in … killed, and the chopper crashed. Benavidez dragged the bodies out, tended the wounded, and set up a second perimeter. …

Clampdown and Blowback: How State Repression Has Radicalized Islamist Groups in Egypt

… that the man’s predictions for the future of Egypt may be coming true. Since the coup that ousted Morsi, the Egyptian … the year since Morsi’s overthrow, an estimated 1,400 have died as a result of political violence, many of them Ikhwān … more moderate Islamist forces. An estimated 1,600 people died during this period. The Al-Sisi Presidency and Islam in …
Depiction of the Battle of Bosworth Field by the eighteenth-century painter, Philip James de Loutherbourg.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

… August 22, 1485, King Richard III of England (r. 1483-1485) died fighting in the Battle of Bosworth Field. The victor, … son of York and was also Edward’s brother.  But when Edward died in April of 1483, he left two young sons (both under …
The military cemetery for U.S. personnel killed during World War II in Nettuno, Italy.

A Day for Remembering — and Accepting Responsibility

… picnics, parades, and softball games to remember those who died fighting our country’s wars. It’s rarely a day for … not incidentally, killed or wounded over 27,000 American soldiers. Apologizing to those soldiers can’t undo the damage … ago, on May 30, 1945, by Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., commander of the Allied Fifth Army in Italy. Truscott was …
the monument of the Soviet army in Sofia, completed in 1954

11/4/2014: Empty Fountains: Communist-Era Monuments Revisited

… What is the afterlife of an old communist statue? Just what to do with all the Soviet-era … 2011, residents of Sofia woke up to find the Soviet army soldiers reincarnated into American comic and pop art figures ( … above ). Graffiti now transformed the fierce Soviet soldiers into the more benign and colorful Ronald MacDonald, …

The American Dream after COVID-19

… already been showing up in recent history. Millennials have come of age hearing they are the first generation in … as did the 1918 Spanish Flu and the even more deadly medieval Black Death . These diseases, including our current … Vulnerabilities Exposed This pandemic, Farhad Manjoo points out, has alerted Americans that “our society might be …
Engraving of Roman plague doctor, Schnabel c.1656.

Quarantino: Plague and the Origins of Social Distancing

… strength and quantity, and are well mixed.” Humoral theory, combined with ignorance of germs, created a situation ripe … get to be sure), or theriac, a syrup made of various ingredients including opium that were aged for up to a decade … unknown or because physicians had not previously studied them, there seemed to be no cure. There was such a fear …
Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz Book Cover

Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy

Review of Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007)
… all of Germany. Weitz's efforts to rescue the cultural high points of the Weimar period from the shadows of National … Weitz helps the reader understand how and why the fragile, complex, and tense culture of Weimar Germany motivated these … do. The discussion of the sexual revolution in Germany comes closer to touching on the wide variety of general …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in other bodies of water downstream. The 2015 Waters of the United … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … Archbishop of Mainz—Luther was following a longstanding medieval tradition of calling for debate within the university … would be one that tolerated a variety of religious viewpoints, Christian or otherwise. But despite Luther’s …
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Book Cover.

Hanoi Central

Review of Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012
… Le Duan and Le Duc Tho, the police state they and their comrades built in the North to solidify their power and … how "Le Duan and Nixon sought to find each other's breaking points in the battlegrounds of Cambodia and Laos rather than … This will also be the starting point for numerous other studies on international diplomacy during the Cold War. Nguyen …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… a lengthy analysis in July 1989 explaining how the “anti-communist forces” of the capitalist world, led by the U.S. … prophetic. One after another, most of the world’s Communist governments collapsed, in an eerie reversal of the … “domino theory.” Then in 1991 the first and greatest of the Communist powers, the Soviet Union, astonishingly annulled …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United … winds of the San Felipe hurricane in Puerto Rico. Schwartz points out its similar appearance to the Christian Cross (p. … hurricanes were used by Cold War foes to score propaganda points. Ciclón , Santiago Álvarez’s documentary on the Cuban …
And Water for All - stylized image of hands with water behind them

... And Water for All

An educational documentary about water affordability
… done it with these water and sewer systems that have become ubiquitous in our lifetimes.   Nicholas Breyfogle  The … finally improve water quality.   Speaker 6  The special Subcommittee on water pollution will be in order.   Manny … tells us what parameters we have to test for, what sampling points at the plant we have to... if it's the raw influent, …
Photo from 1890 of the first OSU football team

Taylor Branch on the Crisis of College Sports

… Collegiate Athletic Association, or NCAA. In addition to completing the monumental  King Era Trilogy , Branch has … Patrick Potyondy  Welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone … Leticia Wiggins. You can find our podcasts and more at our website, origins.osu.edu, on iTunes, and on SoundCloud. And …
President George W. Bush with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley in 2006.

Is Iraq Vietnam?

… South Vietnam’s governments also had serious problems. The Diem regime (1954-63) wanted to defeat or at least contain the Viet Cong but could not rally non-Communist South Vietnamese behind it, prompting the United … to happen. (Similarly, some Americans in 1963 thought that Diem could continue in office if he fired his brother Nhu – …
The South Korean flag in Seoul, South Korea.

The Impeachment of Roh Moo-hyun and the Patterns of South Korean Politics

… different parties have gained the 20 seats necessary to become a “negotiation group”—a parliamentary caucus that holds … towards the president or the party leader, are the most common cause of this cycle of division and integration.  … issues of gender and minority rights have emerged as new points of contention, with conservatives generally hesitant …