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Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… of Ireland in 1922 in the aftermath of Ireland’s struggle for independence. Two thirds of the population of Northern … Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … graffiti in Derry, 1986: "Ireland A Nation Irish and Free / Ireland Unfree Shall Never Be At Peace." Originally …
Illustration of the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887)

The Hamilton-Burr Duel

… Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887). On July 11, 1804, former Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton and Vice … of Lin Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton , he has also become a pop culture icon. Meanwhile, as the character of … some political egos are as fragile as ever. 1  Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life in 1859 when he was fifty. A double celebration … 2009, with events sponsored by national and state "Lincoln Commissions," and because of the remarkable presidential … like a badge of honor. So now that the Darwin Year has come to a close, I want to review the difficult reception …
U.S. Supreme Court building.

Tearing Down the “Wall of Separation between Church and State”

… inaccurate, always misapplied metaphor that unnecessarily complicates our thinking surrounding religion and politics.  It's time for "the wall" to disappear. The authority often attached to … respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." Nary a wall in sight there. In fact, …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… historical monuments and churches.  Sadly, it has become the center of a major feud between Armenians and … Azerbaijani Army remain high. A view of Azatamartikneri (Freedom Fighters') boulevard, Stepanakert. Today the … Children of Nagorno-Karabakh. At the time of this writer’s visit in 2014, life in the capital and other cities appeared …

Outdoing Panama: Turkey’s ‘Crazy’ Plan to Build an Istanbul Canal

… about a major project that his government had imagined for Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey—and Europe. It … on the Bosporus—a strait crowded not only with urban commuters and pleasure craft, but Russian oil tankers … occasions Turkey has so vigorously upheld. "If passage is free through the Bosporus, then why would anyone use this …
penguin standing on sand at a beach with a plant and ocean behind it

Early Encounters with Penguins

… them in the mid-1500s, from quirky oddity to salvation for the starving. Over the course of the following … of History and Director of the Harvey Goldberg Center for Excellence in Teaching.   … neither fish nor flesh.”  He estimated that on a single visit to the island the men killed and dried 20,000 birds …
President George W. Bush sitting at his desk across from his dogs in 2005.

He’s Just a Prez Who Can’t Say No

… Bush’s refusal to send bills back to Congress helps account for the rapid growth in non-discretionary spending and the … veto power to provide a check and balance against these forces. Certainly, a president who has not said no once in … York College in York, Penn., and a writer for the History News Service. …
President Obama presents Biden with the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction, January 12, 2017.

How the Vice President Can Serve as the President’s Most Unbiased Adviser

… There’s a common perception that Vice President Joe Biden lost the … shape Obama’s policy toward Afghanistan and offered a model for a constructive role vice presidents can play in … a process to ground presidential decision-making in “the free flow of ideas and information which is indispensable to …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… Union and Turkey signed an agreement beefing up Turkish efforts to prevent refugees from reaching Greece by sea. These … one day after the author's arrival. ( United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees ) We came to Greece with only a … Hisham, for example, were two Iraqi boys who often came to visit us while we were serving tea. Both fourteen, they had …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… of military mobilization. The focus of this book, therefore, is how these four factors developed and reinforced … to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … $7.5 trillion on nuclear weapons, but when he takes us to visit warehouses full of mothballed tanks, Koistinen points …
Zog I of Albania in front of the Albania Republic flag.

Albania’s First Republic

… and the White Russian military, and only functioned for three years before Zog dissolved the government and … the multireligious provisional government was challenged by competing leadership, most notably the Republic of Central … President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, and free from military occupation, Albania finally achieved the …
Crucifixion of Saint Peter by Caravaggio (1600, Cerasi Chapel).

Persecuted Christians?

… nun is abducted, stripped, threatened with rape, and forced to drink her captors’ urine. This is the latest in a … of the early martyrs are wildly exaggerated, if not completely fictional. But later, better documented deaths … United States live under a legal system designed to ensure freedom of religion. Christians in other countries and at …
President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act as MLK and other civil rights leaders look on.

Can today’s candidates revive Martin Luther King’s “shattered dreams”?

… strategist and self-proclaimed “symbol,” King stood at the forefront of a mass political movement with many leaders and … forcing politicians to make hard choices and progressive commitments. Democratic candidates have recently been … American tradition of “socialism for the rich and rugged free market capitalism for the poor” would see no end. …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… Watch out for George W. and his gas and oil pals. They’ve got an … Dwight D. Eisenhower and Republican legislators took unbecomingly large financial contributions from the appreciative … turn toward renewable energy, his opponents ridiculed him. Freezing in the dark was not what they wanted to hear about. …
Infamous photograph of German soldiers rounding up Jews for deportation in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1943.

Weathering the Storm: Wartime Lives of Ordinary People

Review of An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler, by Peter Fritzsche (New York: Basic Books, 2016)
… horizons of empathy,” quickly became the dominant priority for people under German occupation. His conclusion, finally, … phases of the war affected daily life. Gossip about the latest news of the war mattered to people trapped in the … German soldier. Fritzsche is particularly interested in comparing the French and Polish accounts about sharing space …
North College Hill, Ohio, USA, Memorial Day parade, 2004, by Rick Dikeman.

A Vanishing American Remembrance?

… nation. Strained budgets have been the most cited reason for past cancelations of Memorial Day events. But the truth … in Arlington National Cemetery were not even permitted to visit the grave sites of their relatives after the Civil … the national holiday from its pedestal. Memorial Day commemorates the men and women killed on the battlefield or …
Capture of the Pirate Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle between Blackbeard and Robert Maynard in Ocracoke Bay; romanticized depiction by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris from 1920.

Why Piracy Remains a Threat

… remains. And that possibility presents real dangers for the Obama administration. Why should the world’s … European prisoners.   Then, as now, the United States was coming out of a long and costly war (with England). Then, … United States remained too weak to force the Algerians to free the sailors and too poor to ransom them, despite the …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… 24 it will have to decide whether to accept the rules reform introduced by Senators Tom Udall, Tom Harkin, and Jeff … would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … form a quorum a reversal of "the fundamental principle of free government," adding that it "would be no longer the …
The Soldiers' Home in Washington, D.C.

“What I Did On My Summer Vacation,” by the President

… view of wartime Washington. On most mornings, Lincoln commuted into the city, but during hot summer months his … included everyone from Southern sympathizers to successful free black residents. In the course of his daily commute and … president shut the doors of his cottage to uninvited visitors. Lincoln met with antiwar politicians while at the …