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Government of National Unity in 2009. Left to right: Arthur Mutambara, Robert Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai, and Thabo Mbeki.

A Lesson for South Africa? Zimbabwe’s Path to Multi-Party Rule

… such as Botswana, Zambia, Lesotho, and Swaziland (now Kingdom of Eswatini), all of which transitioned to … years. I repeat that I believe in blacks and whites working together. If one day it is white, the next day it is … amendment.  MDC was formed in September 1999, marking a historic turning point in the political history of …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… humorist Finley Peter Dunne, in the guise of saloon keeper Martin J. Dooley, perhaps captured the office best when he … a key adviser. In fact, Mondale enhanced the office by taking on duties traditionally performed by the president. …
Black women marching with signs supporting integration

Race in the Classroom: Teaching Civil Rights

… of History Talk .   Patrick Potyondy   We'll begin by asking Kevin to introduce himself to join our first two guests … completely differently. This is proven by polls that are asking opinions about Trayvon Martin or Ferguson, Missouri as the most recent examples of …
resident Harry Truman, left, congratulates Gen. George Marshall (architect of the Marshall Plan) , Fair Use via AP

The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan, signed into law by President Harry Truman on April 3, 1948, was intended to revive the economies of war-torn Western Europe.
… nearly $13 billion to primarily France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and West Germany, the program was an …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… cost Ferguson his life in the South Carolina forests at King's Mountain, where American "peasants" carrying … would experience "a complete breakdown," as civilians, seeking to end their "horror and suffering," would "rise up and …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… or fiery-tempered, generous or miserly, attention seeking or deeply private, the man, much like the larger … millenarian, or otherwise radical religious thought taking hold of the so-called Burned-Over District from which … himself to his ecclesiastical superiors while taking his place as the patriarchal leader of his own family. …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… and East-European archives, The Six-Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East demonstrates that in addition to the … under Abdul Gamar Nasser, Syria’s Baath Party, and Jordan’s King Hussein rarely spoke with one voice. In fact, Syria had … against its neighbors. The White House did this with the backing of the CIA and the Pentagon but against the will of the …
President Biden, standing in front of a blue flag with an eagle emblem

First 100 Days of the Biden Administration: Insights from History

… HarperCollins, Seal Press, Rowman & Littlefield, and St. Martin's Press. Treva B. Lindsey is an associate professor … Within 100 hours, he signed 17 executive orders, 12 revoking counterproductive immigration policies of the previous … and undocumented immigrants rather than just those lacking papers, revoking immigration orders and also the border …
Joseph Stalin

Dismantling a Legacy: The Last Days of Stalin

Review of The Last Days of Stalin, by Joshua Rubenstein (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015)
… who were charged with attempting to assassinate high-ranking Soviet officials, and a power struggle among members of … Stalin, both at the Party and ground level, but someone looking for an explanation of where that fear originated and …

As Cuba and the United States Reengage: The Presence of the Past

… economic sanctions, political isolation, scores of assassination plots against the Cuban leadership, and years … some of the most fundamental premises of U.S. strategic thinking, “imperiling the very survival of the United States,” … War. The bottom caption on the original read: "Taking Cuba from Spain was easy. Preserving it from …

"Y'En A Marre!" (We're Fed Up!): Senegal in the Season of Discontent

… opposition parties, this smelled like a monarchy in the making. The morning of June 23, demonstrators gathered legally … there are shortages of everything. Now Wade wants to be our king, but we don't want a king. We want our country back." Returning to my room, I …
Bartolome de las Casas

Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice

… This year marks the 500-year anniversary of the pricking of one man's conscience. Bartolomé de las Casas, … of war who were not Catholic . This category included Lutherans, Muslim Turks, Orthodox Slavs, non-Catholic … newly encountered indigenous peoples in the Americas, working many of them to death. The Spanish committed numerous …
1864 depiction of the Fort Pillow Massacre in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper

Ten Moments of White Supremacist Violence in U.S. History

… of 130 black men celebrating the convention before attacking those in the convention hall. By the time they ran out … Robertson, and Denise McNair ( right ). Two weeks after Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, Klan members …
The Battle of Waterloo, 1815

Winning and Losing at the Battle of Waterloo

… international ridicule, particularly in the United Kingdom. "Water-boo," crowed The Sun. "Just for once, France … democracy." These cross-Channel jibes are especially striking given that Britain, which left the European Union after … of 2015, members of the British royal family joined high-ranking dignitaries from other European nations and a quarter …
Print depicting the USS Olympia firing on the Spanish fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States

… island territory. In fact, Puerto Ricans are Americans—making our relations not foreign, but familiar or even … or for independence, it was largely concerned with making life better for Puerto Ricans. The PPD sought land and … support from a variety of people including pop star Ricky Martin, Al Sharpton, and even Pope John Paul II. The …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… Cold War was designed to deter the Soviet Union from attacking the United States and its allies by threatening it with …
Stenciled graffiti of a priest pursuing two children

Secrecy and Celibacy: The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse

… to the Vatican, a man named Thomas Doyle, who began looking into this question. The lawyer on the case and Doyle, … Most people have heard of the indulgence affairs that Martin Luther objected to, but there's also a pervasive form of …
Zombie scene from the 1968 film, Night of the Living Dead.

Top Ten Origins: Zombies: The Undead Shuffle

… colonial French rule in Haiti . Shaped by the edicts of King Louis XIV of France in 1685 that limited religious … beliefs that surround death and sorcery. Researchers looking for the origins of zombies outside of Haiti argue it is … growth of the genre that we know in the present. 9. Rethinking Zombies, from Ghouls to Monsters Covers of the 2006 …
French troops under Charles VIII entering Florence, 1494.

The Blood Behind the Beauty

Review of The Beauty and the Terror: The Italian Renaissance and the Rise of the West, by Catherine Fletcher (New York City: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… time in which they lived. Fletcher accomplishes this by walking the reader through nearly 150 years of Italian history, … urbanization, and the rise of Italian trade and banking, allowed for a vast concentration of wealth in … VIII invaded the Italian peninsula in order to conquer the Kingdom of Naples. Initially invited by some of the Italian …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… The best known example is the plunder of the capital of the kingdom of Benin in 1897 by a British “punitive” expedition, … symbolic “gifts,” such as an Ashanti stool that the United Kingdom returned to newly independent Ghana in 1957. These … around colonialism and its long-term effects, it is striking how similar the counterarguments against restitution …