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… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor … nighttime operations in low-flying planes.  Women could not officially enter other divisions of the military until April …

… human immune systems, HIV has also allowed tuberculosis to come thundering back as a global health threat and has … trading centers and colonial outposts. Two towns on opposite sides of the Congo River, Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) … death from AIDS in 1985 ( right ). Stigma and fear shaped official responses to AIDS in western countries where gay …

… and, due to a series of blunders by his subordinate commanders, his force was overwhelmed. Aside from numerous … the battle. His narrative navigates seamlessly between commanders and commoners and sheds new light the conflict. The most …

… bloody civil war that lasted almost 15 years, from 1965 to official independence in 1980.   Political factors complicated matters. Since the early 1960s, the British … rule, a move that was condemned by the international community. In response, members of the United Nations (UN) …

… about this theory. What is originalism? Where did it come from? Is it a good or workable theory of constitutional … two of the co-authors of The Federalist , the contemporary commentary on the Constitution they published, disagreed … Massachusetts put down the rebellion suggests that the Shaysites’ views were not universally admired or emulated, …

… our more prominent pundits have actually repeated, and thus compounded, the movie star’s error. The bogus quotation … collected works or certified recollected words. His official biographer called the statement, which began … Central Railroad, one of the largest and most “insolent” commercial interests of the era. As a devoted member of the …

… there’s something empty about such reverence if our elected officials ignore key grants of power. Take the case of the … 2, Section 2, couldn’t be clearer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United … there any grant of the sweeping powers now claimed for the commander in chief. Indeed, the congressional power to …

… atomic bombing of two Japanese cities. Most reporters and commentators who write about Hiroshima and Nagasaki … The claim of "military necessity," he argued, rang hollow. Official justifications would "never erase from our minds … A few months later, one of the most popular radio commentators during the war years, Raymond Swing, declared …

… government. But based on advice from army and police officials and political advisors, Daladier stepped down to … French cities. In fact, the riots of February 6 th have become shorthand to describe the protests and violence that … violent period of political protest in France since the Commune of 1871. The Paris Commune was a radical …

… Nicholas Breyfogle Hello, and welcome to The Gospel of Judas: The Rediscovery of the Earliest … support. This is a great day to do this because it’s the official publication day of my new book on the Gospel of … mathematical texts is interesting. Are there other similar sites nearby or theories about the provenance? We had …

… reputation by ordering his men to attack their former comrades in arms with tear gas and riot weapons and burn … offered pledges of changed selves. A third shift was that official counts of attendance at the marches became so … Park Police estimates of the size of the crowds. Expect no official count of crowd numbers in the month ahead, but …

… Korean President Moon Jae-in on August 2, 2019. “We have come this far today by overcoming countless hardships. Just … States occupied the south. Korea became perhaps the first site of confrontation in the new Cold War. In 1948, … the Asia-Pacific —and Japan’s whitewashing of war crimes in official government statements and history textbooks. It is …

… a century ago. Today, the EU faces an unprecedented combination of challenges, including a lingering economic … Patrick Potyondy   Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … Sokolsky. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website …

… of 1989 in eastern and central Europe and the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union in 1991 brought an end to the … know about, there are several other nations which hope to become nuclear powers in the near future. Add to this those … miniature atomic bombs hints that atomic bombs might well come in a small packages. Finally, even though we have …

… Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to The Global War on Drugs brought to you by the … some states in the Midwest named cannabis a noxious weed so officials could uproot it and poison it. West Virginia is … the myth that cannabis is a weed. In reality, it's the opposite. Its one species name, Cannabis sativa, literally means …

… September 1959 Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary of the Communist Party and Premier of the Soviet Union , arrived in … in the Iowa heartland where he toured agricultural sites and in Pittsburgh to see industrial sites, and his … Khrushchev’s joy at breaking away from security cordons and official engagements and interacting with ordinary …

… No disaster scenario more challenges human hopes to overcome nature’s forces than the sudden and unpredicted strike … , for instance, an undetected asteroid possibly as wide as 360 feet passed by the planet at a distance closer than the … indigenous group that resides in central Siberia. The site of the Tunguska explosion in the late 1920s. As Akulina …

… New England founded its colonial enterprise with some official divisions between state and church — not allowing … religiously intolerant regimes in the world today.   The outcome of the recent referendum in California shows us that …

… Europe at the close of World War II. Administration officials find it easy to explain their current goals by … of Guatemala’s Jacobo Arbenz dared to undertake a comprehensive land reform campaign, nationalize corporate property and open diplomatic relations with communist countries in 1954, Washington was quick to …

… and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … Their grievances included alleged corruption among public officials, the government’s failure to ensure equitable … a military body led by General Johnson Aguysi Ironsi, the Commander of the Nigerian Army, who was also Igbo. The …

… Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … background and a horizontal red stripe in the middle. The official BNR state emblem, the Pahonia—a knight on … of it. The Belarusian dictator has revitalized the memorial sites and has dedicated other memory sites, including a new …

… Europe and the Soviet Union, made the future of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uncertain. It was in this period of … What led Deng Xiaoping, the leader of the world's largest Communist Party, to embrace capitalism so fervently? … history (347). Making use of Chinese-language biographies, official summaries of daily Party meetings, as well as …

… Dr. Angela Brintlinger  Welcome, everybody. I went ahead and turned off my email so it … Norms of Soviet Modernity, 1917-1941, which analyzes Soviet official culture and the ideological and behavioral norms it … a subset of the Russians, he's achieved the exact opposite. Because this has inspired a great deal of Ukrainian …

… American Revolution , and the Early American Republic. This compilation gathers together some of his important essays … is his discussion of “Anglicization.” Rather than becoming less and less British as the 17th and 18th centuries … as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the …