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… has been characterized by friction, contradictions, and competing visions of the goals of union. The most recent … local policy decisions remained in the hands of national bodies, many of these tensions could be debated in the … integration was resented and Euro-skeptics found ready audiences. For instance, the years immediately following 2004 …

… it mildly. Socialism, at least in the United States, has become a byword among Republicans for fiscally irresponsible … revolts broke out. After receiving his baccalaureate, he studied at Paris' prestigious Institut des Sciences Politiques … birthrate, they began providing generous state subsidies, maternity leave, and free infant healthcare to poor …

… be said, it’s shameful.” These are the words of a French soldier, Raymond Dumas, who witnessed torture during France’s … These French units exploited the unclear lines of their own command authority to act somewhat independently of the rest … were often tortured; if they tried to escape, French soldiers were allowed to shoot to kill. It is imperative that …

… expands our list of enemies and defines any potential competitor as a mortal threat. The national insecurity state … As president, Eisenhower urged the nation to expect the communist enemy to be around for 20, 50 or 60 years. In … is enough. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

… himself. Which won’t be so bad. Obama’s already an accomplished memoirist. He evidently prefers to be his own …

… In June 2011, the non-governmental organization Global Commission on Drug Policy published a report detailing the … cartel and effectively ended the cocaine wars that bloodied the streets of Miami. In addition, each trafficker … surge in ephedrine exports to Mexico, a critical ingredient in the production of methamphetamines.) Other events …

… related to Persian. In the largely mountainous region that comprises their homeland, over the centuries Kurds practiced … Kurdish leaders were largely exempt from taxation. A medieval castle in northeast Syria once known as Hisn al-Akrād … of the Caucasus mountains” (top). “Battalion of Russian soldiers massed at a Russian mission in the Caucasus foothills …

… the White House Correspondents’ Dinner, delivering sharp comic material about his recently released long-form birth … message needed to be more welcoming to younger, non-white audiences, particularly on issues of immigration and social … for the 2.2 million Filipinos laboring abroad . After Super-typhoon Haiyan slammed into Leyte and Samar Islands in …

… lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … James Baldwin, who described white officers as occupying soldiers. “Their very presence is an insult, and it would be, … World Telegraph & Sun. On July 18, two days after Powell died, a planned civil rights demonstration led to an …

… Christians Ethiopian monks relax in the courtyard of Dier Es-Sultan monastery. A narrow stairway leads to Dier Es-Sultan, a contentious site atop the Church of the … Residents of Silwan gather for a celebration at their community center. This is the same question the Palestinian …

… of nuclear weapons. Paul W. Tibbets Jr., retired brigadier general and former businessman, died on Nov. 1. He'll forever be remembered for what he … the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught …

… 2016, Hillary Rodham Clinton secured enough delegates to become the Democratic nominee for president of the United … women who have run for president, several others have come within striking distance of the nation’s top post … to the presidency. Maybe, if a female candidate embodied these historical trends and characteristics, 2016 might …

… of future discussions of gun control for decades to come. It might even have an impact on the dynamics of the … view. The NRA even endowed a chair in Second Amendment studies at George Mason Law School with the express purpose of … the assembly clause of what became the First Amendment embodied this civic republican ideal. The right of assembly was …

… indefensibility of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima is becoming a part of the national conservative creed." But times … In recent decades most American conservatives have become uncritical of America's use of atomic weapons and … and profoundly offensive to all Americans and Japanese who died in that war, and to those Americans who still possess …

… stand at the bow of the ferry as the water of the White Sea comes in wave after wave through the hole in the gunwale for … and the cold climate would test their spirits and their bodies each day. A Diverse Landscape: The forest on Solovki … without tears in my eyes. For all the years I’ve studied the past and wrestled with what it means to be human, …

… William Colby has become a more or less forgotten figure in the turbulent … Vietnam. The South Vietnamese regime headed by Ngo Dinh Diem was problematic from the American perspective. Because … policies of the Ngo government. They urged Diem to adopt some sort of popular program to counter that …

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … by free trade deals that hurt American workers. The company had planned to close an Indiana plant that makes … Donald Trump at a 2015 campaign rally. As a sign of his commitment against “unfair” trade deals, Trump vows that, on …

… in the polls among GOP voters precisely because he is so comfortable mixing politics and religion. He presents a … the kind of bigotry American Catholics have tried to overcome. What may be less familiar is that Santorum’s brand of … President Obama of worshiping a “false theology.” Some commentators read this comment as an appeal to the birther …

… Professor, Department of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Peter Mansoor, Professor and General Raymond E. Mason … Margaret Newell: Welcome! Thank you for joining us today for the “First 100 Days … an associate professor of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at OSU. She is a 2020-21 ACLS/Mellon Scholars and …

… important new biographical details to the traditional commander-in-chief profile. After having 43 presidents cut … between the ages of 42 and 78. They have invariably embodied conventional social choices (at least publicly). Almost … also promise to set some precedents. Rudy Giuliani would become only the second divorced president but, more important, …

… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor … 15. Shevchenko, Nikolay, “How Three Soviet Women Nearly Died Chasing their Aviation Dream, Gateway to Russia , …

… Over the next three years, the Bolsheviks (soon renamed Communists) would have to win power in a bloody civil war … given the senseless slaughter of millions of soldiers during the First World War, the October Revolution … of the Soviet Union also led to the Cold War , the superpower confrontation with the United States that …