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Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… allies and anti-Bolshevik forces in a series of schemes. Soviet secret agents lured him back in 1924, where he was … from the early 20th century. Boris Savinkov on trial in the Soviet Union, 1924. Vladimir Alexandrov, Emeritus Professor of …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… our industrial and commercial foundations to weaken, our national and local infrastructures to decay and our capacities to prepare for and respond to threats to our national security and freedom to decline. When Americans … a country in which “We the People . . . form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, …
The Brazilian flag and a soccer ball

Brazil’s Soccer Mania: An Example for the World

… Cup in soccer was their fifth, well ahead of any other national team. In view of the tremendous competition … forms of political expression were illegal. In those days, national leaders promoted soccer as a healthy diversion for … and Euro-Brazilians — all rally around the banner of the national team. The shared obsession with soccer helps to …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… territorial concessions and recognition of Palestinian national claims to the land. A 1947 map illustrates the … the Zionist movement arose in Europe. The most influential nationalist movement of the Jewish people, Zionism based its … Zionist delegation in Jerusalem, 1900. Aspiring to create a national home for the Jews in their ancestral homeland, …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… would be wise to heed Marshall's warning and rally the international community to increase food aid to the Afghan … strategic interest during the Cold War struggle against the Soviet Union. Today, Afghanistan is the center of the global … International Organizations …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… Catalunya has had with Spain as well as with the international community. 1. The Nineteen Autonomous Regions of … inheriting their fathers’ kingdoms upon their deaths. This union of the crowns brought Catalunya into a loose … and its autonomous regions became members of the European Union (EU), which granted them the benefits of their …
Photograph of Augusto César Sandino, taken between 1927 and 1934

The Sandino Manifesto and the Birth of the Nicaraguan Revolution

… Segovia region that borders Honduras, was a stirring nationalist document. In it, he rejected the loss of … “Yankee” imperialism. Sandino’s plan was also firmly internationalist in its scope and effect, for his actions in … rebels would ultimately fail in their goal of achieving nationally-recognized autonomous rule within Segovia, their …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… Mandela had been freed from prison, the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) had been lifted, and negotiations … of black South Africans in South African cities, the National Party (Afrikaner ethnic nationalists) became the majority party. This year marks the …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… These measures led many Europeans in Algeria and French nationals to view Algeria as not just a colony of France, … oppression, on November 1, 1954, a group of Algerian nationalists organized as the National Liberation Front (Front de Libération Nationale, …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… marriages there. The decision has already heightened the national debate concerning same-sex marriages. And if at … 1997 federal Defense of Marriage Act defines marriage as a union between a woman and a man. Recent polls indicate that … Already, both proponents and opponents of same-sex unions are digging in, using the same kinds of contentions …
The Champs Elysees crowded with French patriots after the liberation of Paris in 1944.

We Didn’t Go It Alone in 1944

… only with substantial help from its allies, including the Soviets, British, Canadians, Chinese and many others. When … World War II, went out of his way to snub Americans. A nationalist who pursued diplomacy independent of Washington, … of the large French Communist Party celebrated the pivotal Soviet victory over the Nazis at Stalingrad. They noted, …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… UNESCO, French social scientist Alfred Metraux led an international team of researchers to Brazil. The purpose of the … their female slaves. Since by law the children of these unions retained the slave status of the mother, … had been ruled through a one party system, and labor unions had been dominated by European immigrants. Under the …
Cover of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe by Jeff Sheehan.

How the Mighty European Military State has Fallen

Review of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe, by Jeff Sheehan (Illustrated. 284 pp. Houghton Mifflin Company)
… of conflicting ideologies. On one side stands a proudly nationalist worldview, in which statehood was understood in … at most, some international diplomacy through the European Union and the United Nations. Sheehan does not discuss it, … does it mean to be a demilitarized state? Can the European Union ever hope to compete with the United States as a …
Seal of the United States National Archives and Records Administration. The seal is described in 36 C.F.R. § 1200.2 as: The seal is centered on a disc with a double-line border. The words NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION encircle the inside of the seal and the date 1985 is at the bottom center.

Downgrading the Founders

… Do you recall the battle not long ago over the proposed national standards for American history? When it was … agency of the federal government, an affiliate of the National Archives and Records Administration. This agency, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, …
A 1939 reconstruction of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.

The Treaty of Waitangi

… a quarter of its population today born overseas. As our national day, Waitangi Day now needs to serve as a symbol … as a result of separate colonies joining in a federal union and, unlike the United States , it never experienced a … or established a new constitution. The only anniversary of national origins that includes the European population must …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… their victory in the president's recent report on "The National Security Strategy of the United States." Now, like … virtues, could hardly have said it better. But the "National Security Strategy" turns these words into an excuse … "Free markets and free trade are key priorities of our national security strategy." So we must also bring …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… was also not primarily a struggle between two contending nationalisms—Armenian and Turkish—one of which destroyed the … a scenario presupposes that two well-formed and articulated nationalisms already existed in the early years of the war. … a woman and her son, photographed above. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, the Young Turks)  elite was not so …