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South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… Mandela had been freed from prison, the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) had been lifted, and negotiations … of black South Africans in South African cities, the National Party (Afrikaner ethnic nationalists) became the majority party. This year marks the …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… These measures led many Europeans in Algeria and French nationals to view Algeria as not just a colony of France, … oppression, on November 1, 1954, a group of Algerian nationalists organized as the National Liberation Front (Front de Libération Nationale, …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… marriages there. The decision has already heightened the national debate concerning same-sex marriages. And if at … 1997 federal Defense of Marriage Act defines marriage as a union between a woman and a man. Recent polls indicate that … Already, both proponents and opponents of same-sex unions are digging in, using the same kinds of contentions …
The Champs Elysees crowded with French patriots after the liberation of Paris in 1944.

We Didn’t Go It Alone in 1944

… only with substantial help from its allies, including the Soviets, British, Canadians, Chinese and many others. When … World War II, went out of his way to snub Americans. A nationalist who pursued diplomacy independent of Washington, … of the large French Communist Party celebrated the pivotal Soviet victory over the Nazis at Stalingrad. They noted, …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… years, even if this report has inspired a string of other national initiatives in Europe. What accounts for the … for example, sold their work to both local and international patrons. Such a transaction is not the same as a … for the objects and collections, but rather their use as national symbols and museum and art objects. The …

Feast and Famine: The Global Food Crisis

… brunt of this food shortage. According to ActionAid International, women produce up to seventy percent of food in … Rising meat consumption also played its role. A Soviet Union determined to outpace American levels of meat-eating …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… UNESCO, French social scientist Alfred Metraux led an international team of researchers to Brazil. The purpose of the … their female slaves. Since by law the children of these unions retained the slave status of the mother, … had been ruled through a one party system, and labor unions had been dominated by European immigrants. Under the …
Cover of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe by Jeff Sheehan.

How the Mighty European Military State has Fallen

Review of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe, by Jeff Sheehan (Illustrated. 284 pp. Houghton Mifflin Company)
… of conflicting ideologies. On one side stands a proudly nationalist worldview, in which statehood was understood in … at most, some international diplomacy through the European Union and the United Nations. Sheehan does not discuss it, … does it mean to be a demilitarized state? Can the European Union ever hope to compete with the United States as a …
Seal of the United States National Archives and Records Administration. The seal is described in 36 C.F.R. § 1200.2 as: The seal is centered on a disc with a double-line border. The words NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION encircle the inside of the seal and the date 1985 is at the bottom center.

Downgrading the Founders

… Do you recall the battle not long ago over the proposed national standards for American history? When it was … agency of the federal government, an affiliate of the National Archives and Records Administration. This agency, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, …
A 1939 reconstruction of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.

The Treaty of Waitangi

… a quarter of its population today born overseas. As our national day, Waitangi Day now needs to serve as a symbol … as a result of separate colonies joining in a federal union and, unlike the United States , it never experienced a … or established a new constitution. The only anniversary of national origins that includes the European population must …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… their victory in the president's recent report on "The National Security Strategy of the United States." Now, like … virtues, could hardly have said it better. But the "National Security Strategy" turns these words into an excuse … "Free markets and free trade are key priorities of our national security strategy." So we must also bring …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… was also not primarily a struggle between two contending nationalisms—Armenian and Turkish—one of which destroyed the … a scenario presupposes that two well-formed and articulated nationalisms already existed in the early years of the war. … a woman and her son, photographed above. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, the Young Turks)  elite was not so …
Neil Armstrong stands by the Lunar Module "Eagle" during the first walk on the moon in 1969.

Fly Me to the Moon

… ended in December 1972. Anti-Vietnam protesters on the National Mall in Washington D.C., 1967. Those who were alive … objective was to demonstrate that, after losing out to the Soviet Union in launching the first satellite into orbit and the …
A crowd of Syrian refugees in the Vienna airport

Road to Europe: The 2015 Migration Crisis

… State University, where I teach courses on Eastern Europe, nationalism, migration, communism, the Cold War, among … have reacted differently, and I'm wondering if the European Union has complicated the reaction here or if it's made it … Dragostinova  There are no common laws in the European Union governing, I mean, the way asylum law is applied. I …
Abandoned nuclear weapons depot in Northern Germany.

What About the WMDs that DO Exist?

… But, as Mohamed ElBaradei, the director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, has noted, terrorist groups … Service … Nuclear Power & Weapons … Cold War … Global/Transnational … Diplomacy/International Relations … What About the WMDs that DO Exist? …

The Long, Long Struggle for Women's Rights in Afghanistan

… Afghanistan, 1996: In 1996, while living in the former Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan, three friends and I were … of the Ottoman Sultan, the reform-minded Young Turk nationalist movement gained in popularity and influence. It … rebellion. Then, on December 24, 1979, the Soviet Union launched a full-scale invasion of Afghanistan in …
Port of Buenos Aires

Cholera and Argentina: Insights for COVID-19

… caused an uproar within the Argentine beef industry and national government. Exporters banded together to demand the … made no attempts to “stop the economy.” Indeed, many national officials considered cholera an unfortunate … and provincial levels throughout the nation. Meanwhile, a National Department of Hygiene did exist, but it had a …
President Nixon looking at a CIA map in 1970.

Why an Intelligence Inquiry Is Needed

… in the executive branch, claiming that it was riddled with Soviet agents who were responsible for everything from the … with the creation of the Defense Department, the National Security Council and the CIA in the aftermath of … the conflict as a branch of the Cold War against the Soviet Union. With appropriate guidelines, any commission set up in …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… adding the date 3/8. Only then did I realize that International Women’s Day, celebrated worldwide on March 8, seems … International Women’s Day as a communist holiday in the new Soviet Union . The same year, Chinese communists began to celebrate …
Glass negative of Kaiser Wilhelm.

A New Kind of Anti-Americanism

… at the height of the Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s. The Soviet Union and its allies then propagated the view that the … the political spectrum supported as the most important international organization in history. Moreover, even traditional …