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"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… employed them in operations to deliver weapons to various combatants in Africa. By his own admission, he had flown … Charles Taylor with weapons to help destabilize Sierra Leone. Previously Bout had supplied arms to both sides in the … surplus of the Soviet bloc that unpaid or underpaid soldiers and commanders were only too eager to sell for ready …
The London meeting to discuss NATO military intervention in Libya, March 29, 2011.

Secretary Clinton — Leader or Figurehead?

… Several bomb blasts accompanied Hillary Clinton’s recent trip to Pakistan. This was a wake-up call in more ways than one. The moment had come for Clinton to act more boldly as … can look to predecessors for guidance. Alexander Haig is one example. During his brief tenure as secretary of state …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … visited the Tropicana, the 1950s Ford Fairlane would be one of the last U.S. cars imported to the island, and some … a state-run economy in Cuba. Walking through Havana, one can still see the remnants of the revolutionary economy. …
Satchel Paige with bat boys in the dugout watching a game in Los Angeles, ca. 1943.

Satchel Paige: The First Negro League Player Inducted into the Hall of Fame

… to challenge Major League Baseball (MLB). The Red Sox superstar started with the usual. He thanked his coaches, he … baseball.  Then, he went where no white Hall of Famer had gone before. He pleaded, “I hope that someday, the names of … too frequently heard, “if only you were white,” as a compliment to their skills, but also as a reality check that …

A Sea of Troubles: The Philippines and Pacific Geopolitics

… While not explicitly backing Manila, Obama stressed his commitment to preserving stability in  the South China Sea . … the famous terraces of northern Luzon, and positioned themselves as a dominant merchant class. By the late … Boxer Rebellion in China targeted Westerners, 2,500 U.S. soldiers quickly traversed the South China Sea to help suppress …

Frenemies: Iran and America since 1900

… short of unleashing the Iranian air force against his opponents. Yet, some Americans nevertheless expected that … relations between the United States and Iran have been complicated and edgy as long as anyone can remember. … satisfy the Royal Navy's rapidly expanding appetite for diesel fuel by pumping oil from the world's largest refinery …
Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper Book cover.

Is It Only A Game?

Review of Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper (New York: Nation Books, 2012)
… opportunity to delve into a subject dear to my heart but completely outside of my own research. Much to my delight, … fans and World War II history buffs alike, but also everyone in between interested in the subject of Jewish and … instead that the majority of the Dutch had actually "gone on with their lives" during the Nazi occupation and …
The culminating moment of Alice, when the pretense of power is exposed and collapses. Carroll was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the tools of logical thinking so that they would not be the victims of demagogues and ideologies.

Everyone’s Inner Child Turns 150 Years Old

… her pinafore and his frockcoat and long wavy hair, old fashioned even for their time, catch our eye and distance them … our own purposes as well. Zombie Alice at 2014 New York ComicCon. Cosplaying is one way people have taken ownership … what the painful and even fatal consequences were of disobedience. Carroll, however, was on the side of the child, an …
Harper's Weekly illustration

Top Ten Contested Political Conventions

… on how you score the Democrats in 1860) at which the outcome wasn’t clear at the outset. Anti-Masons 1831 William … movement. They had a problem: many plausible national opponents of President Jackson were themselves current or … Protester standing in front of a row of National Guard soldiers, across the street from the Democratic National …
100 and 10 US dollars banknotes.

Inflation — Fighting the Last War

…  They are always fighting the last war.  Generals aren’t alone.   In the wake of the debt-ceiling debacle, freshman … a tea party favorite and a new member of the Congressional Super Committee, wrote an op-ed in which he said that “excessive …

Media and Politics in the Age of Trump

… will likely preoccupy future historians for years to come. While a number of factors contributed to his … television news, are reaping incredible amounts of money from their election coverage. Cable news organizations … The Republican Presidential Debates brought in record audiences. The news media’s obsession with Trump is …
Cover of The Chiefs Now in This City: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America by Colin Calloway.

Native Americans in Urban Places

Review of , “The Chiefs Now in This City”: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America, by Colin Calloway (New York City, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… in between. Historians have traditionally focused on the outcomes of “the chiefs now in this city,” namely, treaties. … and Indians as intertwined concepts, Calloway tells us, “One might argue that Indians saw a frontier as anywhere … was a man who traveled with an escort of Pennsylvania soldiers; who insisted on not only an interpreter but a clerk …
Marines from 1st Battalion 7th Marines enter a palace during the Battle of Baghdad.

Iraq War a Major Departure in American Foreign Affairs

… rising public outcry. Many critics, including Michael Barone in US News and World Report magazine, have argued that … tradition of our history, a tradition which they claim is one of interventionism: the United States has never been an … the Soviet Union, the United States was not a preemptive combatant. It was Joseph Stalins Soviet Union that blockaded …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… assertiveness by opening a new Cold War or renewing the old one. We should not panic if Russia, in the short-term, becomes more antagonistic toward Western values and interests. … military and government to fight the technologically superior Poles and Swedes. He imposed compulsory education …
The Trojan Nuclear Plant in 1973.

The Atomic Age

… But is it really over? The latest nuclear accident, this one only 87 miles northwest of Tokyo, left three seriously … reached its peak at 343,086 megawatts, which is not even one-tenth of what the International Atomic Energy Agency … of 1989 in eastern and central Europe and the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union in 1991 brought an end to the …
Heads of delegations at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21), which led to the signing of the Paris Agreement.

Looking for a Common Language at Copenhagen

… of solving a problem facing the entire world, the summit’s composition best resembles a hodgepodge of national-or what … so many players at the table, summit meetings like this one have come to resemble rowdy legislatures with their … United States would parley from their respective heights of superpowerdom to manage both their relationship and the rest …

The Road to Same-Sex Marriage: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and the American Family

… of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere—organizations that had come out of gay-father activism of the 1980s—wrote a brief … hid their sexuality in a postwar era of shame and secrecy—one in which the assumption that a true and good family had … the country. In November 1967, in a custody case before the Superior Court of California that marks the beginning of …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… three instigators, along with two planners, were hanged.  One of those executed was Aleksandr Ulyanov.  Conspirator:  … and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … of St. Petersburg, where he, like many of his peers, studied Marx, finding the theory to be a "sound and scientific" …
Jackie Robinson

Top Ten Origins: The World Series

… that are landmark moments in baseball’s evolution as a commercial enterprise and its adaptation to the significant … 1903: Boston Americans beat Pittsburg Pirates, 5 games to 3 One game in the 1903 World Series. The National League began … major league owners created the position of commissioner to oversee the game’s operation, with Judge Kenesaw …
Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… Richard Stoneman is the world's leading expert on the legends written … birth narrative takes a markedly different approach. It comes to us via Firdausi's Shahnameh (Book of Kings), … mystery, gold, and enchantment. Later ancient and medieval romantic depictions of the East would be based on …