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The defendants in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance of their positions in the Nazi leadership.

The Nuremberg Judgment

… On September 30, 1946, the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany, was a hub of activity. The International Military Tribunal … had waited for since the end of the Second World War , when the victors had agreed to “stay the hand of vengeance” …
President George Bush signing deregulation papers with gas company employees looking on

Texas, Enron, and Energy Monopolies

… Think about some of the iconic images that you would choose to represent Texas – … tied together since the start of the twentieth century, when oil was discovered close to Houston in Spindletop. The Lucas …

Feast and Famine: The Global Food Crisis

… In June 2009, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) … the nineteenth century, this nakedly extractive system was largely dismantled and replaced with a "settler-colonial … regime, however, did not survive the early 1970s, when a convergence of economic and climatic events produced …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… 2011 to 2014, breathtaking political changes transformed the lives of men and women in Egypt . First, with the slogan … of almost two-thirds of the seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential … press (written by women and about women’s issues) in 1892, when she founded al-Fatah (The Young Girl). Authors Malak …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… militarily into a civil war among Native Americans to bring the war to the end that the Anglo-American leaders deemed … the direction of their communities. But the civil war was also about justice. Government is rendered illegitimate when people find it unjust, and this occurred in Creek …
Henry Ford with a Model T in 1921.

What Bill Ford Is Learning from Great-Grandpa

… has announced its “Way Forward” restructuring plan, does the auto maker have a real future? Without doubt. Can its … of this great-grandson of legendary founder Henry Ford. When Bill Ford’s new print and TV commercials proclaim that … leisure activities. Henry’s most significant response was the nineteen “village industries” he established in …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… During the Hundred Years War, England's King Henry V also laid … countryside beginning at Harfleur and ending at Calais. When the French army gathered at Agincourt, the vastly … repeats a primary source account of how the young Henry was treated for a battle wound through the face that left an …
Lindh photographed after being transported to Camp Rhino.

Walker’s Misguided — But No Traitor

The case of John Phillip Walker Lindh, the young American … for treason date from the trial of Aaron Burr in 1807 when Chief Justice John Marshall adhered to the letter of … last year to study Arabic. He moved to Afghanistan when it was just one of many countries the United States regarded as …
Count Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat aboard his Jeantaud electric car, 1899.

The Historical Dominance of the Electric Car

On December 18, 1898, the Jeantaud electric vehicle set the world’s first automotive land speed record of 63.13 km/hr (39.2 mph) over the course of a single kilometer.
… On December 18, 1898, the Jeantaud electric vehicle set the world’s first … and Laura Seeger.  Learn more: Massimo Guarinieri, “When Cars Went Electric, Part 1” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (March 2011), 62. Massimo Guarinieri, “When Cars Went Electric, pt2” IEEE Industrial Electronics …
Fidel Castro during a visit to Washington.

Why Economic Sanctions Often Fail

… On his recent trip to Europe, President Bush pushed the Continent's top leaders to adopt tougher economic … policy of economic sanctions is bound to be unproductive when a consensus among allies is not reached. The policy … John F. Kennedy failed to gain the co-operation of allies when implementing economic sanctions toward Cuba. In 1962 …
Perry speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference in National Harbor, Maryland.

Governor Perry’s Vice-Presidential Mistake

… must squelch talk that he or she is really targeting the second spot.   But when he invoked fellow Texan John Nance Garner's famous … the term of Walter F. Mondale in 1977, the vice presidency was converted from a position to provide for presidential …
Middle East

Foreign Policy and the 3 Branches of Government

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
US History since 1877
American Government
War & Peace
… This lesson is designed to introduce students to the process of forming foreign policy in the branches of … podcast about the value of an historian’s perspective when making foreign policy decisions.  Through class … question; What is the value of an historian’s perspective when making foreign policy decisions?     Files for …
A "bucket brigade" works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001.

United We Stand? The Unequal Costs of Mobilization

… Recently we witnessed the disturbing spectacle of the heroes of Sept. 11 fighting … to make of this recent display of division at Ground Zero? When the mayor of New York tells firefighters who are … for the hard-working many. Wartime mobilization is a time when we are called to unify in the name of patriotic duty. …
Prologued Season 2: The Global War on Drugs

The Global War on Drugs (Prologued, Season 2, Trailer)

… We're back!  When and where did the War on Drugs really begin? Join us as we explore how a … Red Ribbon Week, even the declaration of war against drugs was the end of the story, not the beginning. Isaac Campos …
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick Book Cover.

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War

Review of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick (New York, Viking Press 2006)
The name Mayflower often evokes images of 'wide-brimmed … complicated politics that came to dominate a world created when the arrival of English dissidents challenged the … tensions were not always successful. The Pequot War of 1637 was a devastating example of the brutal consequences of a …
Wall street and Broadway, New York City

A New Deal Prescription for Gordon Gekko

… “Greed . . . is good,” said Gordon Gekko when addressing a stockholders’ meeting in Oliver Stone’s … buyouts that produced millions for himself while leaving others in ruins. His words resonated strongly in the 1980s, … malpractice. Of course, Gekko’s provocative observation was not entirely mistaken. Greed is “good” when it produces …
Destruction in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.

Another Pearl Harbor? Not by a Longshot

Whenever an event grips the nation’s attention, the media inevitably turn to … Tuesday’s terrorist strikes, the attack on Pearl Harbor was an act of war carried out by a clearly identifiable … Few Americans in 2001 can expect a similar outcome. When considering sheer carnage, some might be tempted to …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

The detention of a private citizen in a Third World country … would not ordinarily get much attention elsewhere. But when Burma’s Aung San Suu Kyi was imprisoned on two weeks ago, world attention turned to …

A New Congo Crisis?

… Raise Questions over African Mining Deal .” A story in the German Süddeutsche Zeitung was poetically titled “ The Broken Heart of Africa .” These … mine in the Katanga region. The articles appeared at a time when elections in the Congo were almost a year overdue. …
The Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Where Will “Liberation” Lead?

The liberation of Iraq, the White House tells us, is well … they did this while claiming to defend the “free world.” When the constitutionally elected government of Guatemala’s … open diplomatic relations with communist countries in 1954, Washington was quick to orchestrate a military coup against …