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Bird's-eye-view of the 1993 border blockade enacted by CBP Border Patrol agents in El Paso, Texas as part of Operation Hold the Line.

Fortifying the U.S.-Mexico Boundary: The 1993 “Hold the Line” Experiment

… also proposed deploying advanced drug detection machines to combat the influx of fentanyl, which he claimed was … under specific provisions. These cards enable Mexican visitors to stay in the United States up to 72 hours for … gathered at the port of entry, colloquially known as the “Free Bridge,” their voices rising in defiance. “Viva …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… On April 24, 2015, much of the world will commemorate the centennial of one of the most highly … communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for more than 2500 years. Yet, although  Pope Francis … to render the Armenian Genocide controversial. Their latest efforts are centered at the University of Utah and …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… removal of collective memory and a sense of self. He called for the creation of bilateral agreements to enable the … North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought M’Bow to this … in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, suggested that in the coming five years “conditions be put in place for the …

The Hajj and Europe

… and oldest gatherings of people in the world. Pilgrims perform the hajj over three days during the last month of the … safety, and how much states should subsidize the ritual—is complicated. In many countries, demand for hajj visas … belated collapse of the last of the European empires—also freed millions of Muslims from state-mandated atheism and …
Copy of an 1890 lithograph depicting the Battle of New Orleans during the Revolutionary War.

A New Resource in the War Against Terrorism?

… resources of U.S. intelligence agencies, Congress should revisit the power granted to it by Article I, Section 8, of … holding a variety of assets — real estate, weapons, communications equipment and large amounts of cash and … convened by maritime authorities), privateers were not freebooters but lawful combatants. Rather than being …
The sickle and hammer on a Soviet Union flag from the 1930s.

A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History)

Review of A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History) , by Vladislav Zubok (2007, University of North Carolina Press)
For fifty years the Soviet Union stood in the eyes of the … motives and the messianic revolutionary ideals of Russian communism. 2 Originating in Czarist Russia, traditional … the Soviet Union's security. On the other hand, messianic communist ideals, which date back to Bolshevik upheaval of …
A shopkeeper sits outside his store in the Cardo waiting for tourists and residents to stop in.

A Postcard from Jerusalem

… Map of the Old City in Jersualem. As it has for thousands of years, Jerusalem remains a place of where … Catholics, and Greek Orthodox now each have a section. Visitors can observe processions of monks, priests, nuns, … Residents of Silwan gather for a celebration at their community center. This is the same question the Palestinian …
United States soldier distributes food aid to a Afghanistan province

Food for Peace Must Remain an American Priority

… hinge on preventing hunger. Despite the financial burden for the United States, it is urgent that we continue to … such as Germany. Former President Hoover noted, "It may come as a great shock to American taxpayers" to give aid to … food for suffering Afghans. We can't expect democracy and freedom to catch on in Afghanistan — or anywhere for that …
Michelle Obama speaks at the 2008 Democratic National Convention

Superdelegates: An Obstacle on the Road to Democratic Elections

… have revitalized the possibility that in the tight race for the Democratic nomination, the deciding votes could be … those chosen would deliberate and make their own choices free from the influence of the common people. Instead, nearly all states allowed the … History News Service …

Population Bomb? The Debate over Indian Population

… the early nineteenth century, when the British East India Company controlled an increasing swath of territory across … famines occurred in India because the British had "freed a tropical population from the tropical checks on its … People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting, arguing, and screaming. People thrusting their …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… 11, the Norwegians awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize to former President Jimmy Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … initiated toward Iraq. Both the timing and the citation accompanying the prize hinted at more than Carter's undisputed …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… Board of the President’s Initiative on Race in June, commentators greeted the news with low expectations. Fifty … 50 years ago on Oct. 29, was a political bombshell, calling for the “elimination of segregation based on race, color, … Franklin, author of the basic textbook, “From Slavery to Freedom,” probably knows more than anybody else about the …
The Second Bank of the United States.

Enron’s Collapse Follows a Familiar Pattern

… mishaps. Within fifteen years, Enron executives transformed their company from a middling firm into the seventh-largest … killing of the national bank, many state banks were free to claim much higher deposits than they actually had, … History News Service …
Portrait of Neville Chamberlain, who was the Prime Minister of United Kingdom during the early months of World War II.

Lessons of Munich

… the fate of Czechoslovakia. They agreed to Hitler’s demand for German annexation of the Sudetenland region of … really premeditated collusion with the dictators to fight communism elsewhere. Had they carefully examined the … interests and you may without harm let us have a free hand on the European continent in central and …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… their unsatisfactory presidencies. Those two are eligible for another term, but neither is likely to run again. So relevant "experience" is hard to come by.This presidential season, everybody is talking about … extraordinary leadership and successes. As president, he freed the slaves, saved the union, and kept the Confederacy …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… pirates, their activity and audacity has been growing for some years. By 2008--after decades in which the Straits … to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star … A strong consensus emerged around the principle of freedom of the seas, checked by nearly as strong opposition …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United States for the public education system (K-12) that detail what … adopted only the language curriculum) . Click this link to visit the Common Core standards official webpage for an …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… Imperialism in the 1930s. While Japan had owned colonies for decades, by the late 1930s both the rate of acquisitions … Neutrality Pact, eliminating a potential enemy and freeing military forces for offensive action elsewhere in … the bay, devoid of protective torpedo nets, without combat watches on duty, and lacking accessible ammunition, …
USS ARIZONA sinking during the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.

The 1942 Internments and Today’s Security Crisis

… of such vigilantism, these voices refer to the infamous forced relocation during World War II of some 120,000 … a national security threat. While the order legally encompassed Germans and Italians, in practice only the … Pearl Harbor, Biddle declared, “Every man who cares about freedom must fight for the right of the minority, for the …

Conflict Termination: How to End -- and Not to End -- Insurgencies

… over the trajectory of the on-going American military commitment in Iraq and Afghanistan has combined with … after a war? How best do we create a successful outcome? For us? For the country we leave? Given the problems now … Japanese. Taking advantage of this period of operational freedom, the Japanese in Indochina were able to render …