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Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… Richard Stoneman is the world's leading expert on the legends written … has traced those myths across cultures and through time. Stoneman's purpose is not to write another biography of the … birth narrative takes a markedly different approach. It comes to us via Firdausi's Shahnameh (Book of Kings), …

The Soviet Collapse

… In 1985, it seemed the Soviet Union would last forever. Its Communist Party rulers held a monopoly on political power. … no possibility that the Soviet Union would change, let alone disappear. Conservative commentators postulated that the … arms buildup, perpetuating the nuclear arms race that had gone on for decades. But in 1986, Gorbachev tried a new …
the cover of a Captain America comic book

Captain America: Changing Conscience of a Nation

… a red, white, and blue clad figure holding a shield in one hand and using the other to punch Adolf Hitler square in … and artist Jack Kirby in the eponymous Captain America Comics #1 , the patriotic hero became a breakout star for … “good war.” Four-color McCarthyism could not pull enough coins from adolescent pockets to prevent the superhero …
Title page of the first edition of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, 1818.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

… nineteen, published the gothic novel Frankenstein. It has become a classic of English literature. Title page of the … a leading enlightenment philosopher, her mother Mary Wollstonecraft was a pioneer English feminist who defended the rights of women, and … Milestones …
Alfonso García Robles at the Public Hearing on Nuclear Weapons and Disarmament in 1981.

A Model for a Nuclear-Free Middle East

… Saddam Hussein's regime is gone. An Iraqi nuclear weapons program is no longer to be … programs. These recent developments no doubt bring comfort to some. But we can't rest easy. The dangers of … can avoid the vicious cycle of nuclear proliferation, as one past example suggests. More than 40 years ago, the …
1960s hippies dancing at a festival.

The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love

… of psychedelic exploration . The Summer of Love marked the coming out party for the counter-culture we now associate … to be the center of the hippie revolution. The Dead was one among several Bay Area bands that helped create a … When the UFO Club opened in London in December 1966, Londoners frequented the acid-drenched shows staged there by …
A glass negative of Warren G. Harding.

Sex Scandals and U.S. History

… The conservative philosopher George Santayana made one of the world’s best known comments about history when he said that those who learn … the target of moral outrage won the election. Afterward, no one sought to use the scandal as grounds for impeachment, …
Sailors in formation at the Center for Information Warfare Training, Naval Air Station Pensacola Corry Station, 2019.

Will Women Join the Ranks of Esteemed Veterans?

… Dozens of women soldiers are dying in Iraq — and no one seems to care. Why do I say that? Because the outcry that many expected over the combat deaths of American women in Iraq has not taken place. … And Lynndie England, whose posed photos with a leashed prisoner at Abu Ghraib prison continue to reverberate throughout …
1943 poster for the Allies of World War II--two years before the founding of the United Nations.

The UN Follows the League’s Long Trail to Impotence

… For the last 60 years, the United Nations has been one continual story of missed opportunities. In that … record, any other organization would be better than the one we have. At the end of the World War I, President Wilson … corruption as Hussein and officials within the UN funneled money into their own pockets. Since 1945, the UN has failed …
Admiral William D. Leahy in 1944.

Hiroshima: Military Voices of Dissent

… bomb on Hiroshima continues to be the subject of  impassioned debate. Every year the bombing anniversary — which … or who expected to be part of an invasion of Japan, are of one mind in believing that the use of the atomic bomb was … the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught …
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin salutes United States Flag while standing on the moon

Fly Me to the Moon

On July 21, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first human being to set foot on an entirely different world.
Rendering of the new National World War I Memorial in Washington DC

It’s Time for a National World War I Memorial

… dedicated to the wars in which they fought.   But there is one glaring exception: the First World War.   Despite … nearly 117,000 perished during the war — 53, 402 in combat — and another 204,000 were wounded. Many believe that … 23-year-old Henry Gunther of Baltimore. He was killed one minute before the 11 a.m. armistice of Nov. 11, 1918. In …
Last Supper By Simon Ushakov, 1685

Reverence and Relics: The Holy Dead in the Pre-Modern Christian World

Review of Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation, by Robert Bartlett (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013)
… the cult. The book is divided into two parts. In “Part One: Developments,” Bartlett provides the context necessary … to understand the analysis found in part two. In chapter one he explains the role of martyrs in the early Church and … were an obvious denominational marker. “Part Two: Dynamics” comprises the bulk of the book. In chapters five through …
Prologued Season 2: The Global War on Drugs

The Global War on Drugs (Prologued, Season 2, Trailer)

… to thrive. Sarah Brady Siff To sum up the drug wars in one sentence, I would say they go on and on and on. Michelle … United States. Brionna Mendoza The war on drugs is perhaps one of the most infamous political and cultural symbols of … Isaac Campos Rather, its development is was a very complex process that occurred on a global scale really, and …
Col C.B. Winders shooting a gun in the 1910s.

Reconstructing the Second Amendment

… presented a version of the past that is highly selective. One of the many embarrassing truths about the debate over … Understanding the history of this tangled relationship, one of American history’s more bizarre examples of … Amendment does not prohibit robust gun regulation, it compels it. Today’s gun rights ideology is antithetical to …
Soup Cans by Andy Warhol - https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79809

Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962

… on display, Andy Warhol’s 32 Campbell’s Soup Cans have become a canonical symbol of American Pop Art. Warhol, an … own museum in Pittsburgh and his 32 Campbell’s Soup Cans is one of the prized pieces at the New York Museum of Modern … consists of thirty-two 20”×16” screen-printed canvases, one for each of the varieties sold at the time. They were …
A sign from a DC Women's March that reads, "70% anti-abortion leaders are men; 100% of them will never be pregnant."

Abortion, History, and the Beginning of Life

… the twenty-fifth anniversary of Roe v. Wade. For opponents of abortion, the Supreme Court’s decision in that … to have an abortion–by ignoring morality, tradition, and common sense. Those who seek to ban abortion frequently … idea that life begins at conception is a relatively recent one. For much of the last two millennia, discussions about …
drawing of internet communications

What Will the Internet Bring?

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
Science & Technology
… This lesson plan focuses on comparing the spread of information due to both railroads … internet’s mass spread. It gives the point of view of someone who had yet to see how much of an influence the internet … of what each perspective brings. Students will discuss with one another what people believed the railroad and the …
State of Israel Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, pictured during a defense meeting held at the Pentagon in Washington, District of Columbia (DC).

Is Sharon Following in the Steps of Nixon and de Klerk?

… from the Likud Party, has undertaken something that no one would have thought possible: He has been engaging in … for this apparent transformation. Sharon is working toward complete Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip, … this far. Two historical comparisons spring to mind when one considers the path that Sharon unexpectedly walks today: …
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… goal was to reach the Spice Islands of Maluku (in the Indonesian archipelago) and open a new trading route for Spain. A modern replica of the Victoria , one of the ships in Magellan's fleet. Thus began the first … in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de …
A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… concern about the war’s impact on global agricultural commodity markets: the disruption to Ukrainian agricultural … and to the food security of developing countries.   While one would expect an organization such as the FAO to be … currently cultivated, an area larger than Italy, making it one of the most highly cultivated countries in the world. It …