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Pope Francis smiling from inside a car as he leaves the White House in 2015.

Embracing the Pope–Selectively

… Protestants. Evangelical-Catholic relations have come a long way over the last generation, but for all their … affirming what these two branches of Christendom hold in common. And in the best-selling Christian novel, “Left … their warm feelings for the late pope to his stand against communism, his commitment to Christian orthodoxy and his …
FDR and Churchill at the Atlantic Conference in 1941.

A New Atlantic Charter?

… Charter helped to win World War II and, later, to defeat communism. But that unique alliance is in trouble now … in broad terms their joint humanitarian, strategic and commercial goals.  The agreement signaled an end to American … Monetary Fund.   Today, the United States and Britain compete economically and have different interests. In …

The Amazon Rainforest under Threat

… became the top trending hashtag on Twitter after the combination of smoke from Amazon forest fires, a weather … tribes had been destroyed, and the number of Nambikwara, studied by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, had been … government recruited and relocated 55,000 “rubber soldiers” who also received payment from the U.S. government to …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… and insufficient pressures by the U.S. and Soviet superpowers to deter regional military violence. Laron … administrations that deemed the application of force a welcome distraction from domestic problems. At the same time, … but also offer rewarding reading experiences to public audiences with much patience and stamina. …
The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle Book Cover

The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean

Review of The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle (St. Martin's Press '07, $25.95, 292 pages, ISBN #0-312-36142-4; index, source notes, bibliography, unillustrated)
… most valuable colonial possessions in an era of uncertain communications and increased European competition. It also … trade routes to protect and only a handful of trained soldiers, ships, and funds to protect them with, even the most … privateering commissions of their own. The Council of the Indies authorized the first official Spanish fleet in the …
2006 map of North Korea and South Korea.

Applying the Antarctic Solution to the Korean Nuclear Impasse

… prohibits all military activity? The unlikely source of common ground lies in the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. This … prize for the United States — and a preview of things to come. By the 1990s, aerial inspection would become a … Korean side are nearly 700,000 troops and 37,000 U.S. soldiers. North Korea also possesses a growing missile …

The Long, Long Struggle for Women's Rights in Afghanistan

… had very recently joined forces with the celebrated Tajik commander Ahmad Shah Massoud to establish the "Northern … nothing demonstrates the essentially "backward" or "medieval" nature of Afghan society more than its treatment of … and society—scantily clad western women flaunting their bodies and their open sexuality are seen as a foundational …
The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman Book Cover

The Jamestown Project

Review of The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007)
… Historians have come to love the milestone anniversaries of significant … underway proposing settlements in Ireland, the West Indies, Guiana, Newfoundland, and New England. Jamestown was … well crafted narrative that should appeal to many audiences with tales of adventure, piracy, warfare, struggle, …

Humanitarian Intervention: The American Experience from William McKinley to Barack Obama

… economic distress wrought by swashbuckling capitalism. As Commanders-in-Chief and liberal Protestants, the … liberators in the age of revolution. Britons regularly bandied their slave trade ban as proof that they remained at … might have required containment, but for Niebuhr, any superpower utterly convinced of its transhistorical role …

The Ukrainian Crisis: In Russia's Long Shadow

… of Ukraine: Russia cannot be an empire without Ukraine and coming to terms with Ukraine’s separate nationhood is a … Both Russians and Ukrainians look back to the mighty medieval empire of Kyivan Rus′, which accepted Christianity in … the first Orthodox monastery and graves of legendary medieval knights. For Russians after 1991, this foundational …
Photo of A. Mitchell Palmer, a congressman from Pennsylvania who later became the U.S. Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson.

Cracking Down on Dissent

… to keep close tabs on them. Spying on dissidents has become official policy since police departments were advised … I. Other “scares” followed. From 1938 to 1945 Rep. Martin Dies of Texas, no defender of civil liberties, chaired the House Un-American Activities Committee and pursued domestic “enemies.” With the onset of …
the U.S. Constitution, COM Library, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Why Getting Rid of the Filibuster Is Still a Good Idea

… anti-democratic, inefficient, and a symbol of legislative incompetence. Liberals in the earlier post-World War II period … that civil rights organizations in the 1950s placed committee and filibuster reform at the top of their … the “imperial” power of the presidency. Given that a supermajority — that is, 60 votes — is needed to pass …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
… devoid of animal or plant life. This initial isolation, combined with its location at the confluence of three … sexual arousal and copulation to rearing, socializing, and diet. For example, since tortoises’ sex is …
artwork entitled Can You Pass the Acid Test

The Acid Tests

… The Grateful Dead. Acid, also known as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a powerful hallucinogen that elicits a … supply of synthetic Psilocybin (the active psychedelic ingredient in “magic mushrooms”) from Sandoz pharmacy. In the … author Tom Wolfe brought the Acid Tests to a much wider audience with the publication of his book The Electric …

Hong Kong in Protest

… returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … in 2012 waving Hong Kong’s colonial flag. Unrest has only become more intense and widespread over the summer, including … its window to the outside world. Cover of Worker-Peasant-Soldier Pictorial magazine in 1970, during the Great …
A protest for nuclear disarmament

We Cannot Afford to Neglect Nuclear Disarmament

… for new nuclear weaponry. The U.S. refusal to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty to eliminate nuclear test … and the United States aren’t on the same page when it comes to dealing with Iran. Great danger also exists in …
A map of northern Ireland

Ending the War in Northern Ireland

… is over. There will be celebrations, and peace will be welcomed by the ordinary people of Ulster. But as the great … poet William Butler Yeats once observed, sometimes “peace comes dropping slow.” History stands like a ghost at the … Ireland’s underground armies revolve around who has purest commitment to the cause, and Gerry Adams and Martin …
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… surface of this dispute is a fundamental clash between the competing claims of national sovereignty and universal human … Throughout the 1990s, the basic distinction between soldiers and civilians all but disappeared in places such as … from $114 million to $57 million. After the end of the bloodiest century in human history, the “international …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … body for two and half months. Surrounded by his family, he died on September 19, 1881, plunging the entire nation into … ballot, Congressman and Senator-Elect Garfield emerged as a compromise candidate, ultimately winning the nomination on …
An abandoned building in Chernobyl

A Postcard from Chernobyl

… cloud was detected over Sweden did the full extent become known to the authorities in the Soviet Union’s capital … for “nature”: humans or radioactivity? Some scientific studies indicate an abundance of wild life, especially large … Jim Green, “Chernobyl - how many died?” The Ecologist , 26th April 2014 …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … views among Creek people concerning the direction of their communities. But the civil war was also about justice. … 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend (and making McIntosh a brigadier general). But the victorious faction of Creeks soon …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought M’Bow to this … context. Collecting, in this sense, could involve soldiers, missionaries, colonial administrators, African … objects always had an aesthetic appeal for western audiences, the twentieth century saw a significant broadening …