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A "bucket brigade" works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001.

United We Stand? The Unequal Costs of Mobilization

… for their lost brethren at the World Trade Center disaster site, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani urged the firefighters’ union … from new opportunities. But the patriotic fervor that accompanied wartime mobilization meant that unions were … who were a key part of the economy servicing this center of commerce. But, like the firefighters turned away from Ground …
Thomas Jefferson

The Road to a New American Aristocracy

… crises and growing debt. Yet estate taxes, and other rules governing the transfer of wealth between generations, … that the blood in their veins distinguished them from the common herd. Despite the rhetoric about property rights that … In the 18th century when a man died his estate often passed complete to his eldest son. This form of inheritance, known …
George Holliday's footage of Rodney King being beaten by police in 1991

The 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion: “No Justice, No Peace”

… King to a packed courtroom on April 29, 1992, Los Angeles erupted in a firestorm of anti-police protest. Looting, … evidence of the LAPD’s excessive use of force and confirmed complaints of police brutality made by black and Latino … African American mayor in 1973, formed the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department on April 1, …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… Harry S. Truman. He would do well to consider the fate of less successful wartime presidents, not only Truman but … nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … taught the nation that in a cold war the only possible outcome is stalemate, not permanent safety. As dreams of …
Polin Museum

A Postcard from Warsaw, Poland: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews

… in Polish-Jewish history. After years of controversies and compromises, the final product represents the dedicated … heart of Warsaw’s pre-war Jewish neighborhood, Muranów, the site of the former Warsaw Ghetto, and it faces directly the … in Warsaw representing the lasting tensions between Poles and Germans after the Second World War; (Right) The …
1911 portrait of King George V, ruler of the British Empire.

The Risks of Unilateralism

… The most likely result of unilateralist action is to invite lesser powers to combine to neutralize it.   Therefore, the United States … and unprepared for others' attacks on them; then would come a call for reinforcements. Customarily victory would …
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Best in History Online: Sexing History Podcast

… we like to take a moment to highlight fantastic history sites from around the web. These are websites that – much … uses interviews, oral histories, archival sound clips, and commentary and analysis by scholars in the field of … website , on Stitcher , SoundCloud , and iTunes , and connect with them on Twitter and Facebook . …
Imperial and Global Forum Logo

Best in History Online: Imperial & Global Forum

… we like to take a moment to highlight fantastic history sites from around the web. These are websites that – much like  Origins  – seek to bring history … of the University’s eminent imperial historians. It comprises of one of the largest groups of imperial and …
Zbigniew Brzezinski at Camp David in 1978.

Meddlers Hamstring Iraq Policy

… take familiar form: While Defense argues that war is necessary, State pushes for multilateral diplomacy. When … as the voice of prudence, the realpolitik strategic thinker compelled to inform the naive, idealistic newcomers from the … the entire world. Neutralizing executive powers is wrong unless there is a credible alternative or a reason to suspect …
Two women in masks in 1918

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

Estimates suggest that this flu claimed as many as 50 million lives around the world between 1918 and 1919.
… for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for …
A pen, ink and watercolor painting done of Cuba's Havana Bay in 1639.

U.S. and Cuban Relations

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
US History since 1877
American Government
… in the late 19th century to where we are today.  This lesson aims at observing these interactions and analyzing … brought us to where our relationship with Cuba is today. Files for download: Cuba-and-US-Lesson-Plan.pdf   Cuba-and-US-Presentation.pptx   …
Martha last passenger pigeon

100 years have gone by... still no Passenger Pigeons

… they often darkened the day-time sky.       Martha has become a cautionary tale of the human ability to extinguish … into the planet’s sixth period of mass extinction, what lessons should we learn from the disappearance of the … to clone and resurrect the bird.    Here at Origins, we've compiled a few links to help you learn all you need to know …
American soldiers making rolling barbed wire entanglements during World War I.

War Can Take On a Life of Its Own

… act of terrorism. Princip, a Bosnian nationalist, had connections to the Serbian ultra-nationalist organization, the Black Hand. For the … of the Marne. Both sides then dug in along what would become the great Western Front, a series of trenches extending …
The NASA Space Shuttle Challenger launching in 1983.

Mars: A Planet Too Far?

… that the lunar mission was “questionable but perhaps necessary because of the Cold War.” Congress obviously … He twice attempted to escape the tremendous financial commitment by promoting a joint lunar trip by the United … more than nine times in a single year. Two of the five shuttles have been destroyed, with their crews, in apparently …
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Barry (DDG 52) launches a Tomahawk missile in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn on March 19, 2011.

What Can Air Power Achieve? From Rolling Thunder to Odyssey Dawn

… attacked, but Obama has yet to specify how the cruise missiles fired into Libya or a no-fly zone will oust Gadhafi or … never quite sure what those air assaults should or could accomplish. Though he hoped that Hanoi would abandon its … to preserve a stable South Vietnam could not be accomplished by air strikes alone.   Though President Obama's …
First edition dust jacket cover of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson's 1973 book Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72. The book conveys Thompson's experience covering the 1972 US presidential election, particularly the (ultimately unsuccessful) campaign of Democratic nominee George McGovern.

Democrats Must Beware the Curse of 1972

… the party. In July, when the 186 members of the platform committee meet, they’ll have to write a plank on the war in … Democrats hope to win in 2008, they have to remember the lesson of 1972: For millions of voters, war is not a policy … Democrats defected mainly because they drew a direct connection between the culture war and Vietnam. Even many who …
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681

Hostage Taking in Algeria Is a 200-Year-Old Story

… The State Department is probably very pleased with the outcome of last week’s hostage crisis in Algeria, although … crises drag on and the public comes to make a personal connections with the captives, these situations cause … marked by much government secrecy.   But an interesting and lesser known precedent occurred in Algeria itself more than …
European Union flag fluttering in the wind.

Europe Already Has a Working Constitution

… document a constitution was only symbolic. It offered much less than the earlier treaties that produced today’s … a dramatic reconciliation in the European Coal and Steel Community.Ê Founded with four other countries in 1951, it … to sign up for a unified army in the 1952 European Defense Community. Five of them ratified it. The French parliament …
soldiers in Iraq

Can Iraq Learn to Live in Peace?

… the inspectors were too few and too weakly supported to overcome Iraqi resistance. But even if the inspections had … is difficult to sustain, even with total victory. What’s necessary is the creation of a social and political aversion … dismantled its war industries. According to the 1919 Versailles treaty, Germany was forbidden to maintain substantial …
cover of History Today featuring article Napoleon Life after Death

Best in History Online: History Today

… we like to take a moment to highlight fantastic history sites from around the web. These are websites that – much … conversation. This month, our Best in History Online pick comes in the form of a history magazine who aims to bring … since it was founded in 1951, as well as most of the articles from History Review - their periodical for history …
Jefferson High School Marching Colonials perform on the steps of National Archives Building on Constitution Day, September 17, 1974.

Let’s Do Something Constitutional on Constitution Day

… hear their representatives deliberate about a possible war, lest such a momentous course of action be undertaken by the … 2, Section 2, couldn’t be clearer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United … there any grant of the sweeping powers now claimed for the commander in chief. Indeed, the congressional power to …