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a woman at a witch trial. she is wearing white and has her arms up in air with lightening bolts coming out of them. A judge, lawyer and an audience of people look on.

What was Wrong with the Judges at the Salem Witch Trials?

… Speaker's Note: Matt Goldish would like to add a more complete response to one of the questions asked him after … Nicholas Breyfogle:   Hello and welcome to “What was wrong with the judges at the Salem Witch … there was criticism of the evidence that the court was using to arrest and to trying to convict people especially …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … Many of the grievances that brought them together were fallout from the U.S. effort to keep Soviet influence out of … the limitations and frustrations of an ongoing cold war. Since the early Cold War years, our real national goal has …
The remains of the crash of TWA Flight 5 in 1931 [Photo from the Kansas Historical Society]

Top Ten Origins: Aviation Disasters that Improved Safety

… body-scan. Airline passengers in the United States have come to expect these kinds of security measures as a … FAA is sometimes called a “tombstone agency”: change only comes after a death —and usually only after a large number … building and crashed into a nearby field, narrowly missing an orphanage. Twenty-nine of the 63 persons aboard died …
Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. 

Guernica and the Horrors of Modern War

… Guernica was not the first strategically insignificant, non-combatant town ever to be targeted for aerial bombardment, … in collaboration with the Spanish Nationalists under the command of General Francisco Franco , left little doubt that … were apt in the context of a civil war. In the years since its painting, Guernica has frequently been regarded as …
American soldiers salute while in formation in 1977.

Time to Ask and Tell!

… because of stereotypes of effeminacy. Military men caught committing sodomy faced courts-martial. During World War II, … Anti-war groups even counseled young, straight men to become “hoaxosexuals” as a way of avoiding service. … and Farsi translators (dozens of whom have been discharged since 9/11), and the rising number of troops (73 percent in …
Thomas Sankara

Politics, Cinema, and Liberation in Burkina Faso

… Sankara led a coalition of radical military officers, communist activists, labor leaders, and militant students to … aspects: its promotion of film as a vehicle for raising the people’s consciousness, inspiring their efforts at … Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and Welcome to Politics, Cinema, and Liberation in Burkina Faso, …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … oil and gas refineries, chemical plants, crops, food-processing plants and livestock. Patriotic citizens assembled armed patrols to guard their communities. What is proposed now is a shadow of those …

The Kids Aren’t Alright: The Policymaking of Student Loan Policy

… to the cost saving measures of the FDLP, especially when compared to the money funneled to private banks through … few decades, the task of making school affordable has become an ever more important social and economic policy goal … a year for the past 70 years. The cost of attending college since World War II, in real terms, has nearly tripled. The …
Mikhail Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan posing for a photograph in the White House Library.

The American “Nation Building” Mission and Russia

… details of domestic issues, the most eye-opening comments on foreign policy have stemmed from Gov. George W. … The stark differences between the two candidates' comments tend to obscure the fact that Republicans, as well … and Clinton officials were too quick to equate Boris Yeltsin with reform and democracy — the deeper problem stems …
A gay march in Minneapolis on June 30, 1973, the first in the country with the headline "Gay Pride".

Homosexuality and Prohibition

… protection for gays?  Perhaps the same impulse — the same combination of religious fervor and fear of social collapse … has been replaced by a crusade against demonized sex.  This comparison is not as far-fetched as it might seem. In a 1998 … life, and economic stagnation replaced moral decay as a pressing political issue.  Something similar may happen to …
marriage of Marguerite of Anjou and Henry VI in 1445

Power Behind the Throne: The Women of the War of the Roses

Review of Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the Wars of the Roses, by Sarah Gristwood (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… behind-the-scenes may have been as important to the outcome of events as the men’s on the battlefield. In Blood … and Yorks were descended from Edward III and therefore cousins to one another, which explains why participants called … is the temptation to make claims that, unless more sources come to light, historians cannot prove. For example, in …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… threaten the cultural makeup of Europe due to the alleged incompatibility of the Islamic faith of the majority of new … migrations can be more accurately described as ethnic cleansing and, in the case of the removal and ultimate … very well define the 21 st century. As globalization has become the rule, and as the West has generally benefitted …

Justice Denied: The Killing of Trayvon Martin in Historical Perspective

… Tallahassee hours earlier. Waiting for the verdict had become unbearable. On the charge of second-degree murder, the … was announced, Martin’s parents let their voices be heard. Using social media, they expressed their disappointment in the trial’s outcome, pain over the loss of their child, appreciation for …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as commanders) have usually succeeded by presenting themselves … of America’s global leadership role. Whether Clark sinks or soars on the campaign trail will hinge on many …
People holding signs: "More Mental Health Care + Less Jail Time" and "Support Mental Health - It's the Right Thing to Do"

Mental Health and American Society

… Jessica Vinas-Nelson   Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … American attention to mental health, and examining the shortcomings and successes of the mental health system. It seems … hospitals. So there were systems of community care. Every single community in the colonies in colonial America had the …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the Friendship Bridge from the Afghan … bitter engagement because in the context of the Cold War, losing Afghanistan, in the words of the Soviet foreign …
Marines from 1st Battalion 7th Marines enter a palace during the Battle of Baghdad.

Iraq War a Major Departure in American Foreign Affairs

… no precedent in American history, has provoked a steadily rising public outcry. Many critics, including Michael Barone … in fact a country whose military has been roaming the globe since the Revolutionary War. Even a brief survey of American … the Soviet Union, the United States was not a preemptive combatant. It was Joseph Stalins Soviet Union that blockaded …
2009 Tour de France winner Alberto Contador

The Tour de France and The Yellow Jersey

In 1919, Eugene Christophe was awarded the first yellow jersey, but he did not win the Tour de France that year.
… As of 2022, France has held 7 races solely in France since 1947.] Written by Darcy Benson. Narration by Nicholas …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players in national politics. The fallout from Trent Lott’s tribute to Strom Thurmond’s 1948 … emotional support of Virginia’s ban on cross-burning. The incoming governor of Georgia meanwhile ponders whether to …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… united in a struggle for civil and political rights, they comprise various tribal affiliations and speak different … are adherents of the Yazidi faith, a religion that shares common elements with Christianity, Islam, and … brought it into contact with different Kurdish tribes. Since then, Moscow has maintained relations with Kurds both …
"Mauerspecht" [Wall Pecker] 1989

“Remember, Remember the 9th of November”: The Fall of the Berlin Wall

… th century—the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism throughout Eastern Europe . The opening of the … were able to travel to West Berlin for the first time since the Wall was constructed in 1961. The world looked on … The events in Germany were part of a larger wave of anti-communist revolutions throughout Eastern Europe. The year …